{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:02:04Z","timestamp":1789668124577,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Internet Res"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) who return to the community from incarceration face a high risk of fatal drug overdose. This mortality risk is related to significant barriers to accessing health care, social support, and resources needed to transition to and thrive within the community safely. Digital health tools have effectively supported substance use treatment and recovery, but their potential to support OUD during the high-risk period of reentry is underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to examine how adults with OUD returning from incarceration perceive and engage with digital health tools, and identify barriers and facilitators to their use.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 39 adults recently released from New Hampshire prisons and jails. Participants were recruited from a randomized clinical trial (EXIT-CJS) comparing the effectiveness of extended-release buprenorphine, naltrexone, and enhanced treatment as usual on treatment retention. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a deductive-inductive approach to content analysis. The COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) criteria were used to guide the study reporting.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Most participants preferred digital health over in-person care for both OUD treatment and other health care, mainly due to its convenience and resilience against reentry challenges. Yet, most participants also underscored the irreplaceable role of in-person therapeutic human connection in recovery and recognized this as a trade-off of stand-alone digital health. Participants described using digital health tools to overcome barriers that otherwise would have prevented them from receiving in-person care, such as transportation shortages, limited provider availability, and work scheduling conflicts. Accessing digital health was acknowledged as contingent on access to internet-capable devices, affordable connectivity, and digital literacy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The findings suggest that maximizing digital health\u2019s impact in reentry will require a multipronged approach: investing in infrastructure to close the digital divide, addressing upstream structural barriers to accessing care, and partnering with impacted persons to co-design hybrid care models that enhance the feasibility of engaging in care during reentry while enhancing therapeutic human connection and respecting patient preferences.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/90168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:01:34Z","timestamp":1789664494000},"page":"e90168-e90168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perceptions of Technology and Digital Health Tools Among Recently Incarcerated Adults With Opioid Use Disorder: Semistructured Interview Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0685-8484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milan F","family":"Satcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2728-0001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth C","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4150-8057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen D","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7402-3318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah K","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3161-2950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua D","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6429-0965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa A","family":"Marsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"Criminal justice drugfacts. National Institute of Drug Abuse. Jun 2020. URL: https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/drugfacts\/criminal-justice#ref [Accessed 13-01-2022]"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Save Lives. National Academies Press; 2019. [doi: 10.17226\/25310] [Medline: 30896911]","DOI":"10.17226\/25310"},{"issue":"2","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306621","article-title":"Opioid overdose deaths among formerly incarcerated persons and the general population: North Carolina, 2000\u20122018","volume":"112","author":"Ranapurwala","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.9479612.x","volume":"94","author":"White","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"11","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05137-w","article-title":"Accessing prison medical records in the United States: a national analysis, 2018","volume":"34","author":"Woods","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"R6","unstructured":"Mallik-Kane K Visher CA . Health and prisoner reentry: how physical, mental, and substance abuse conditions shape the process of reintegration. Urban Institute. 2018. URL: https:\/\/www.ojp.gov\/ncjrs\/virtual-library\/abstracts\/health-and-prisoner-reentry-how-physical-mental-and-substance-abuse [Accessed 28-05-2021]"},{"issue":"11","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.090662","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic medical conditions among jail and prison inmates in the USA compared with the general population","volume":"63","author":"Binswanger","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"24","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.040","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in incarcerated populations","volume":"69","author":"Wang","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R9","unstructured":"Cloud D . On life support: public health in the age of mass incarceration. Vera. 2014. URL: https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/scans\/vera\/on-life-support-public-health-mass-incarceration-report.pdf [Accessed 04-05-2022]"},{"issue":"4","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.144279","article-title":"The health and health care of US prisoners: results of a nationwide survey","volume":"99","author":"Wilper","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2023.0482","article-title":"Estimated use of prescription medications among individuals incarcerated in jails and state prisons in the US","volume":"4","author":"Curran","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"issue":"1","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-022-00166-w","article-title":"\u201cYou\u2019re setting a lot of people up for failure\u201d: what formerly incarcerated women would tell healthcare decision makers","volume":"10","author":"Norris","journal-title":"Health Justice"},{"issue":"1","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1177\/00027162221119661","article-title":"The health and health needs of people under community supervision","volume":"701","author":"Hawks","journal-title":"Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303626","article-title":"The inmate exception and reform of correctional health care","volume":"107","author":"Fiscella","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russ EN Puglisi L Eber GB et al. Prison and jail reentry and health. Health Affairs; Oct 28, 2021. [doi: 10.1377\/HPB20210928.343531]","DOI":"10.1377\/hpb20210928.343531"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coisb.2020.07.004","article-title":"Digital health and addiction","volume":"20","author":"Marsch","journal-title":"Curr Opin Syst Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.23741","article-title":"Provision of digital health technologies for opioid use disorder treatment by US health care organizations","volume":"6","author":"Miller-Rosales","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.03.007","article-title":"Telemedicine-delivered treatment interventions for substance use disorders: a systematic review","volume":"101","author":"Lin","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2022.2060425","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of a digital therapeutic for substance use disorder: secondary analysis of data from a NIDA clinical trials network study","volume":"43","author":"Maricich","journal-title":"Subst Abus"},{"issue":"3","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.11.007","article-title":"A systematic review of internet-based therapy for the treatment of addictions","volume":"31","author":"Gainsbury","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2018.02.011","article-title":"The role of technology-based interventions for substance use disorders in primary care: a review of the literature","volume":"102","author":"Tofighi","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12535","article-title":"Mobile phone messaging for illicit drug and alcohol dependence: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"36","author":"Tofighi","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13081055","article-title":"Internet-delivered treatment for substance abuse: a multisite randomized controlled trial","volume":"171","author":"Campbell","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R24","unstructured":"Westling J . ACP versus lifeline: a comparative analysis of broadband affordability subsidies. American Action Forum. 2023. URL: https:\/\/www.americanactionforum.org\/insight\/acp-versus-lifeline-a-comparative-analysis-of-broadband-affordability-subsidies\/ [Accessed 20-06-2025]"},{"issue":"4","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2016.1176980","article-title":"Factors associated with patterns of mobile technology use among persons who inject drugs","volume":"37","author":"Collins","journal-title":"Subst Abus"},{"issue":"3","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14604582241276974","article-title":"Digital access among a national sample of currently and formerly homeless veterans in 2022","volume":"30","author":"Tsai","journal-title":"Health Informatics J"},{"issue":"11","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.45334","article-title":"From innovation to inclusion-tackling digital equity needs in health care","volume":"7","author":"Shah","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20900\/jpbs.20240002","article-title":"Closing the digital divide in interventions for substance use disorder","volume":"9","author":"Hampton","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Brain Sci"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.116576","article-title":"Organized abandonment under racial capitalism: measuring accountable actors of structural racism for public health research and action","volume":"343","author":"Riley","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"R30","unstructured":"Kimble C Grawer A . Collateral consequences and the enduring nature of punishment. Brennan Center. Jun 2021. URL: https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/collateral-consequences-and-enduring-nature-punishment [Accessed 10-09-2022]"},{"key":"R31","unstructured":"Craigie TA Grawert A Kimble C Conviction SJE . Imprisonment, and lost earnings: how involvement with the criminal justice system deepens inequality. Brennan Center. Sep 2020. URL: https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/research-reports\/conviction-imprisonment-and-lost-earnings-how-involvement-criminal [Accessed 01-10-2022]"},{"issue":"10077","key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30259-3","article-title":"Mass incarceration, public health, and widening inequality in the USA","volume":"389","author":"Wildeman","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Middlemass KM . Felony conviction as social disability. In: Convicted and Condemned: The Politics and Policies of Prisoner Reentry. New York University Press; 2017:21-50. [doi: 10.18574\/nyu\/9780814724392.003.0002]","DOI":"10.18574\/nyu\/9780814724392.003.0002"},{"issue":"4","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-018-0276-0","article-title":"Health literacy among a formerly incarcerated population using data from the transitions clinic network","volume":"95","author":"Hadden","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X19869131","article-title":"Improving care quality with prison telemedicine: the effects of context and multiplicity on successful implementation and use","volume":"27","author":"Edge","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"issue":"1","key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000042","article-title":"Telepsychological services with criminal justice and substance abuse clients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Batastini","journal-title":"Psychol Serv"},{"issue":"1","key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-023-00523-1","article-title":"Use of digital health and digital therapeutics to treat SUD in criminal justice settings: a review","volume":"11","author":"Sawyer-Morris","journal-title":"Curr Addict Rep"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.794785","article-title":"Digital health interventions for mental health, substance use, and co-occurring disorders in the criminal justice population: a scoping review","volume":"12","author":"Leach","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mccall T Levi A Peng M et al. Design of personal health libraries for people returning from incarceration in the United States. Presented at: Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences; Jan 3-6, 2026; Honolulu, HI. Jan 3, 2024.[doi: 10.24251\/HICSS.2024.443]","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2024.443"},{"issue":"1","key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/2327857920091063","article-title":"Designing a cardiovascular health app for citizens returning from incarceration: where you start may not be where you end up","volume":"9","author":"Zachary","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2021.0055","article-title":"A mobile health tool for peer support of individuals reentering communities after incarceration","volume":"32","author":"Fuller","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"issue":"1","key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-017-0048-z","article-title":"Acceptability and effectiveness of a web-based psychosocial intervention among criminal justice involved adults","volume":"5","author":"Lee","journal-title":"Health Justice"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11782218221127111","article-title":"Feasibility and acceptability of a digital health intervention to promote continued engagement in medication for opioid use disorder following release from jail\/prison","volume":"16","author":"Langdon","journal-title":"Subst Abuse"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang L Tulu B Jenkins S Richardson N Shoptaw S Taxman F . Design and evaluation of the probation\/parole and reentry coach app (PARCA): a platform to support a successful reentry into community. Presented at: Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences; Jan 4-7, 2022; Maui, HI. 2022.[doi: 10.24251\/HICSS.2022.461]","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2022.461"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108389","article-title":"Long-acting buprenorphine vs. naltrexone opioid treatments in CJS-involved adults (EXIT-CJS)","volume":"128","author":"Waddell","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-022-00199-1","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on the treatment of opioid use disorder in carceral facilities: a cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Saunders","journal-title":"Health Justice"},{"issue":"1","key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-014-0023-0","article-title":"Release from incarceration, relapse to opioid use and the potential for buprenorphine maintenance treatment: a qualitative study of the perceptions of former inmates with opioid use disorder","volume":"10","author":"Fox","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-019-0166-0","article-title":"Perceptions of extended-release naltrexone, methadone, and buprenorphine treatments following release from jail","volume":"14","author":"Velasquez","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12328","article-title":"Rethinking the biopsychosocial model of health: understanding health as a dynamic system","volume":"11","author":"Lehman","journal-title":"Soc Personal Psychol Compass"},{"key":"R50","unstructured":"Bandura A . Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social-Cognitive Theory. Prentice-Hall; 1986. URL: https:\/\/searchworks.stanford.edu\/view\/1601524 [Accessed 31-07-2026]"},{"issue":"9","key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687","article-title":"Three approaches to qualitative content analysis","volume":"15","author":"Hsieh","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","article-title":"Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups","volume":"19","author":"Tong","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016242","article-title":"Telehealth and patient satisfaction: a systematic review and narrative analysis","volume":"7","author":"Kruse","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221848","article-title":"Systematic review of patient and caregivers\u2019 satisfaction with telehealth videoconferencing as a mode of service delivery in managing patients\u2019 health","volume":"14","author":"Orlando","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"109711","key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2022.109711","article-title":"Telemedicine along the cascade of care for substance use disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States","volume":"242","author":"Lin","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R56","unstructured":"Galperin H Bar F . Evaluating the impact of the Affordable Connectivity Program. USC Annenberg Research Network on International Communication. May 2024. URL: https:\/\/arnicusc.org\/publications\/evaluating-the-impact-of-the-affordable-connectivity-program\/ [Accessed 11-08-2025]"},{"issue":"4","key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2022.01027","article-title":"Video telemedicine experiences in COVID-19 were positive, but physicians and patients prefer in-person care for the future","volume":"42","author":"SteelFisher","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"issue":"5","key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.21-00225","article-title":"The impacts of social support and relationship characteristics on commitment to sobriety among people in opioid use disorder recovery","volume":"83","author":"Brousseau","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000934","article-title":"The role of social connection in opioid use disorder treatment engagement","volume":"38","author":"Schweitzer","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2023.2265300","article-title":"Investigating the role of interpersonal relationships on low-income SUD patients\u2019 recovery: a qualitative analysis of various stakeholders in New York State","volume":"32","author":"Jahan","journal-title":"Addict Res Theory"},{"issue":"12-13","key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080802289762","article-title":"Conceptualizing recovery capital: expansion of a theoretical construct","volume":"43","author":"Cloud","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"R62","unstructured":"Acker J Braveman P Arkin E Leviton L Parsons J Hobor G . Incarceration threatens health equity in America. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Dec 2018. URL: https:\/\/www.rwjf.org\/en\/library\/research\/2019\/01\/mass-incarceration-threatens-health-equity-in-america.html [Accessed 01-10-2022]"},{"issue":"6","key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/19361","article-title":"Digital health equity and COVID-19: the innovation curve cannot reinforce the social gradient of health","volume":"22","author":"Crawford","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-022-00663-0","article-title":"A framework for digital health equity","volume":"5","author":"Richardson","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf200","article-title":"Pilot findings from the first legalized mobile retail pharmacy clinic in the United States for infectious disease treatment and prevention tailored to reach people who use drugs","volume":"12","author":"Tarfa","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"R66","unstructured":"How telehealth works at VA. US Department of Veteran Affairs. 2025. URL: https:\/\/telehealth.va.gov\/how-telehealth-works-va [Accessed 11-08-2005]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/59089","article-title":"Evaluation of the veterans health administration\u2019s digital divide consult for tablet distribution and telehealth adoption: cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Ferguson","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E119","DOI":"10.1097\/JAN.0000000000000475","article-title":"The lived experience of medication for opioid use disorder: qualitative metasynthesis","volume":"34","author":"Techau","journal-title":"J Addict Nurs"},{"issue":"7","key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732313487802","article-title":"A metaphor analysis of recovering substance abusers\u2019 sensemaking of medication-assisted treatment","volume":"23","author":"Malvini Redden","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108146","article-title":"A systematic review of patients\u2019 and providers\u2019 perspectives of medications for treatment of opioid use disorder","volume":"119","author":"Cioe","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-024-00964-5","article-title":"\u201cThey make it too hard and too many hoops to jump\u201d: system and organizational barriers to drug treatment during epidemic rates of opioid overdose","volume":"21","author":"Dickson-Gomez","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.018","article-title":"Stigma among health professionals towards patients with substance use disorders and its consequences for healthcare delivery: systematic review","volume":"131","author":"van Boekel","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R73","unstructured":"New hampshire profile. Prison Policy Initiative. 2024. URL: https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/profiles\/NH.html [Accessed 11-08-2025]"},{"issue":"2","key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1177\/1073110518782949","article-title":"The opioid crisis in Black communities","volume":"46","author":"James","journal-title":"J Law Med Ethics"},{"issue":"8","key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000591","article-title":"How to design equitable digital health tools: a narrative review of design tactics, case studies, and opportunities","volume":"3","author":"Bucher","journal-title":"PLOS Digit Health"},{"key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2022.807886","article-title":"Applying the digital health social justice guide","volume":"4","author":"Figueroa","journal-title":"Front Digit Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibad010","article-title":"Equity and behavioral digital health interventions: strategies to improve benefit and reach","volume":"13","author":"Miller","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2022.848052","article-title":"A call to action: using and extending human-centered design methodologies to improve mental and behavioral health equity","volume":"4","author":"Stiles-Shields","journal-title":"Front Digit Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocy052","article-title":"Good intentions are not enough: how informatics interventions can worsen inequality","volume":"25","author":"Veinot","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Internet Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:01:42Z","timestamp":1789664502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e90168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"references-count":79,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/90168","relation":{},"ISSN":["1438-8871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-8871","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"article-number":"v28i2e90168"}}