{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:32:44Z","timestamp":1787499164100,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Form Res"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Very low uptake in workplace semen analysis research is difficult to interpret, particularly in employer-adjacent settings, where nonparticipation may reflect limited recruitment reach, limited understanding of the occupational rationale, low perceived relevance, or procedure-related concerns.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This post hoc formative study described self-reported awareness of a parent workplace semen analysis study as an indicator of effective recruitment reach, reported reasons for nonparticipation under the implemented survey condition, and design issues for exposure-defined workplace reproductive health research.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n In April-May 2025, we conducted an anonymous web-based cross-sectional follow-up survey among male employees in Japan who had been eligible for, but had not completed, a parent workplace semen analysis study. The parent study invited approximately 2000 male employees from 3 companies between November 2024 and January 2025; 6 completed the protocol. The follow-up survey invited approximately 900 male employees from 1 company. Part 1 assessed awareness, reasons for nonparticipation, interest in male reproductive health information, and general openness to future related research. Optional Part 2 assessed age, knowledge, concerns, expected reactions, and willingness under simplified conditions. Responses were summarized descriptively using Wilson 95% CIs; no hypothesis testing was performed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n We analyzed 108 submitted questionnaires; 83 respondents completed Part 2. Overall, 74\/108 (68.5%; 95% CI 59.3\u201076.5) respondents reported no awareness of the parent study. Among unaware respondents, 68\/74 (91.9%; 95% CI 83.4\u201096.2) selected \u201cdid not know the study existed.\u201d Among aware nonparticipants, the most frequent reasons were perceived irrelevance and resistance to collecting semen (each 9\/34, 26.5%; 95% CI 14.6\u201043.1), embarrassment or reluctance (8\/34, 23.5%; 95% CI 12.4\u201040), and hassle (7\/34, 20.6%; 95% CI 10.3\u201036.8). In Part 2, anxiety about unfavorable results was reported by 52\/83 (62.7%; 95% CI 51.9\u201072.3) respondents, concerns about collection location or privacy protection by 48\/83 (57.8%; 95% CI 47.1\u201067.9), and self-reported resistance by 42\/83 (50.6%; 95% CI 40.1\u201061.1). Under simplified conditions, 36\/83 (43.4%; 95% CI 33.2\u201054.1) respondents indicated willingness to undergo semen analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Very low uptake in this employer-adjacent semen analysis study was not interpretable as a single phenomenon. This post hoc formative process evaluation identified limited awareness, suggesting limited effective recruitment reach under the implemented procedures, and characterized the reason profile among aware nonparticipants, including low perceived relevance and semen collection\u2013related concerns. Rather than identifying primary causal determinants of nonparticipation, the findings support a bounded recruitment-methodological interpretation and highlight recruitment-cascade components for prospective measurement: objective exposure to recruitment materials, information access, understanding of the occupational rationale, voluntary postinformation declination, privacy concerns, logistical burden, and specimen-return completion. Informed acceptability after occupational reproductive-hazard education should be evaluated in future designs that include such education and comprehension assessment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/90788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:15:06Z","timestamp":1781136906000},"page":"e90788-e90788","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Very Low Uptake in Workplace Semen Analysis Research: Formative Web-Based Cross-Sectional Follow-Up Survey Distinguishing Employees With Self-Reported Unawareness From Aware Nonparticipants"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7436-1647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayumi","family":"Nakazono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6875-0874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kosuke","family":"Kojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3444-8802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoko","family":"Oguri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0332-7028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Nosato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0934-5470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7853-4860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Kakinuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7423-596X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1512-6904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideki","family":"Takeshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3360-7688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Takayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5348-3603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaoru","family":"Yanagida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9942-8251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osamu","family":"Tsutsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.03.013","article-title":"Participation rates in epidemiologic studies","volume":"17","author":"Galea","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"e3","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2603","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2020-002670","article-title":"Study recruitment factors in advanced cancer: the Prognosis in Palliative care Study II (PiPS2) - a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort project","volume":"14","author":"Kalpakidou","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.MR000013.pub6","article-title":"Strategies to improve recruitment to randomised trials","volume":"2","author":"Treweek","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05818-0","article-title":"Exploring reasons for recruitment failure in clinical trials: a qualitative study with clinical trial stakeholders in Switzerland, Germany, and Canada","volume":"22","author":"Briel","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.5020","article-title":"The Australian longitudinal study on women\u2019s health: using focus groups to inform recruitment","volume":"5","author":"Tavener","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-020-01046-y","article-title":"A qualitative study of factors influencing male participation in fertility research","volume":"17","author":"Harlow","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xfre.2025.10.004","article-title":"Barriers and attitudes toward semen testing among males planning or attempting to conceive","volume":"6","author":"Henrich","journal-title":"F S Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-025-01951-0","article-title":"Infertility stigma and openness with others are related to depressive symptoms and meaning in life in men and women diagnosed with infertility","volume":"22","author":"Peterson","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp168","article-title":"Good semen quality and life expectancy: a cohort study of 43,277 men","volume":"170","author":"Jensen","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx067","article-title":"Semen quality as a predictor of subsequent morbidity: a Danish cohort study of 4,712 men with long-term follow-up","volume":"186","author":"Latif","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex097","article-title":"Risk of diabetes according to male factor infertility: a register-based cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Glazer","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.696702","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of male infertility and the subsequent risk of cancer","volume":"11","author":"Behboudi-Gandevani","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000669","article-title":"Reproductive and developmental hazard management","volume":"58","author":"Meyer","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"9062","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07217-0","article-title":"Occupational reproductive hazards","volume":"349","author":"Paul","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/s0095-4543(05)70188-3","article-title":"Workplace reproductive problems","volume":"27","author":"Frazier","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12610-016-0036-5","article-title":"A pilot study about infertile men\u2019s awareness of their reprotoxic exposures and the intervention of occupational medicine to assess them","volume":"26","author":"Christiaens","journal-title":"Basic Clin Androl"},{"issue":"8","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.53.8.511","article-title":"Identifying environmental risk to male reproductive function by occupational sperm studies: logistics and design options","volume":"53","author":"Bonde","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.122352","article-title":"Assessing the reproductive health of men with occupational exposures","volume":"16","author":"Schrader","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"R19","volume":"25 Suppl 1","author":"Bonde","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.46.109","article-title":"A survey of semen indices in insecticide sprayers","volume":"46","author":"Kamijima","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmm039","article-title":"Effects of environmental and occupational pesticide exposure on human sperm: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Perry","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"5","key":"R22","first-page":"29","volume":"105","author":"Guo","journal-title":"R I Med J (2013)"},{"issue":"2","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1090_22","article-title":"Men\u2019s knowledge of preconception health: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Rabiei","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"issue":"1194","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/postmj\/qgae181","article-title":"The 2024 revision of the Declaration of Helsinki: a modern ethical framework for medical research","volume":"101","author":"Wen","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"10","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.6.10.1634044","article-title":"Ethical implications of screening asymptomatic individuals","volume":"6","author":"Fost","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3592","article-title":"Blatant disregard to proper consent continues in screening programmes","volume":"370","author":"Thornton","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"R27","first-page":"637","volume":"17","author":"Ward","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm10040264","article-title":"A qualitative study to develop a privacy and nondiscrimination best practice framework for personalized wellness programs","volume":"10","author":"Hendricks-Sturrup","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2023.2296404","article-title":"Which benefits can justify risks in research?","volume":"25","author":"van Rijssel","journal-title":"Am J Bioeth"},{"issue":"1","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774520971770","article-title":"Details of risk-benefit communication in informed consent documents for phase I\/II trials","volume":"18","author":"Kahrass","journal-title":"Clin Trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.14.141390","article-title":"Participants\u2019 understanding of informed consent in clinical trials over three decades: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Tam","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Committee on the Return of Individual-Specific Research Results Generated in Research Laboratories. Principles for the return of individual research results: ethical and societal considerations. In: Downey AS Busta ER Mancher M , editors. Returning Individual Research Results to Participants: Guidance for a New Research Paradigm. National Academies Press; [doi: 10.17226\/25094] ISBN: 978-0-309-47517-4","DOI":"10.17226\/25094"},{"issue":"12","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew265","article-title":"Men\u2019s knowledge of their own fertility: a population-based survey examining the awareness of factors that are associated with male infertility","volume":"31","author":"Daumler","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.220099","article-title":"Male attitudes towards infertility: results from a global questionnaire","volume":"41","author":"De Jonge","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoab027","article-title":"How do young men want to receive information about fertility? Young men\u2019s attitudes towards a fertility campaign targeting men in Copenhagen, Denmark","volume":"2021","author":"Berthelsen","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2328066","DOI":"10.1080\/14647273.2024.2328066","article-title":"A systematic review of interventions to improve male knowledge of fertility and fertility-related risk factors","volume":"27","author":"Krishnan","journal-title":"Hum Fertil (Camb)"},{"key":"R37","unstructured":"Sh\u014dshika ni kansuru ishiki ch\u014dsa [Survey on attitudes regarding the declining birthrate]. The Nippon Foundation; 2024. URL: https:\/\/www.nippon-foundation.or.jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/new_pr_20241129_01.pdf [Accessed 24-06-2026]"},{"key":"R38","unstructured":"Mynavi raifu kyaria jittai ch\u014dsa 2025-nen ban (d\u0113ta-sh\u016b) [Mynavi life career survey 2025 edition (data book)]. Mynavi Corporation. URL: https:\/\/career-research.mynavi.jp\/reserch\/20250724_98393\/ [Accessed 15-12-2025]"},{"key":"R39","unstructured":"Sh\u014drai, kodomo ga hoshikunai z sedai no yaku 5 wari: BIGLOBE ga \u201ckosodate ni kansuru z sedai no ishiki ch\u014dsa\u201d o jisshi [about half of generation z do not want children in the future: BIGLOBE conducted a survey on generation z\u2019s attitudes toward childrearing]. BIGLOBE Inc. 2023. URL: https:\/\/www.biglobe.co.jp\/pressroom\/info\/2023\/02\/230221-1 [Accessed 15-12-2025]"},{"key":"R40","unstructured":"Suetomi K . Press Release: 52% of young people do not want to have children in Japan: what are the actual situations of poverty and difficulties of life, and what policy needs exist among young people aged 15 to 39, based on a questionnaire survey. researchmap; 2025. URL: https:\/\/researchmap.jp\/multidatabases\/multidatabase_contents\/detail\/1045613\/ce98756e73c98a288d60ec5c2aba7720 [Accessed 15-12-2025]"},{"issue":"3","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6.3.e34","article-title":"Improving the quality of web surveys: the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES)","volume":"6","author":"Eysenbach","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-06737-1","article-title":"A Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies (CROSS)","volume":"36","author":"Sharma","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1265\/jjh.60.397","article-title":"Considerations when conducting study of semen indices in workplaces","volume":"60","author":"Kamijima","journal-title":"Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi"},{"issue":"1","key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-4197-3","article-title":"Why do patients take part in research? An overview of systematic reviews of psychosocial barriers and facilitators","volume":"21","author":"Sheridan","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"8","key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-0258(19980430)17:83.0.co;2-e","article-title":"Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: comparison of seven methods","volume":"17","author":"Newcombe","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2020.1803073","article-title":"Collapsing categories is often more advantageous than modeling sparse data: investigations in the CFA framework","volume":"28","author":"DiStefano","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modeling"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1258","article-title":"Process evaluation of complex interventions: Medical Research Council guidance","volume":"350","author":"Moore","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8-15","key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.07.016","article-title":"A systematic review of discontinued trials suggested that most reasons for recruitment failure were preventable","volume":"80","author":"Briel","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"101","key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11606\/s1518-8787.2022056004164","article-title":"Social desirability bias in qualitative health research","volume":"56","author":"Bispo J\u00fanior","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"issue":"12","key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0398-8","article-title":"Anxiety associated with colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy: a systematic review","volume":"113","author":"Yang","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10302-z","article-title":"The effect of preoperative patient-reported anxiety on morbidity and mortality outcomes in patients undergoing major general surgery","volume":"12","author":"Kassahun","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2017.12.030","article-title":"Raised anxiety levels among outpatients preparing to undergo a medical imaging procedure: prevalence and correlates","volume":"15","author":"Forshaw","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-7-59","article-title":"When \u201cno\u201d might not quite mean \u201cno\u201d; the importance of informed and meaningful non-consent: results from a survey of individuals refusing participation in a health-related research project","volume":"7","author":"Williams","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1163\/15718093-12255369","article-title":"Research biobanks and health databases: The WMA Declaration of Taipei, added value to European legislation (soft and hard law)","volume":"25","author":"Chassang","journal-title":"Eur J Health Law"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"R55","first-page":"68","volume":"32","author":"Fo\u00e0","journal-title":"G Ital Med Lav Ergon"},{"issue":"3","key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2001.7.3.230","article-title":"International Code of Conduct (ethics) for occupational health and safety professionals","volume":"7","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1539\/joh1959.35.233","article-title":"International code of ethics for occupational health professionals","volume":"35","author":"International Commission on Occupational Health","journal-title":"Sangyo Igaku"},{"issue":"4","key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.200130","article-title":"Clinical update on home testing for male fertility","volume":"39","author":"Gonzalez","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-67910-0","article-title":"A new model for determining risk of male infertility from serum hormone levels, without semen analysis","volume":"14","author":"Kobayashi","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22514\/j.androl.2026.011","article-title":"Clinical, endocrine, and testicular factors associated with sperm concentration: Insights from a real-world cohort of 521 infertile men","volume":"24","author":"Cem Tu\u011frul","journal-title":"Revista Internacional de Androlog\u00eda"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/93803","article-title":"Integrating sperm microscopy, environmental exposures, and lifestyle factors for male fertility analysis: protocol for the Nippon Semen and Environmental Exposure Database (N-SEED) cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Oguri","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"R62","volume":"2","author":"Choi","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"}],"container-title":["JMIR Formative Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/formative.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e90788","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:24:18Z","timestamp":1785536658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/formative.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e90788"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"references-count":62,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/90788","relation":{},"ISSN":["2561-326X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2561-326X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"article-number":"v10i9e90788"}}