{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T19:17:56Z","timestamp":1787944676535,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Infodemiology"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n While cancer screening is proven to be effective in the early detection of the disease and early detection enables better treatment options, screening uptake has been declining. Research shows that online health information helps people to make health-related decisions. However, not all online health information is credible, and misinformation might play a role in people\u2019s choice to take part in screening.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to analyze online discussions about cancer screening programs using corpus analysis. Specifically, we aimed to investigate the full dataset through corpus analysis and misinformation in a manually coded subset. This enabled us to study naturalistic discussions about cancer screening over time, what information people share, and how prevalent misinformation is in these discussions. We differentiated tweets on Twitter (subsequently rebranded as X) for cervical, breast, colorectal, and general screening.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We extracted a corpus of 55,403 tweets from 2011 to 2023, tweeted by 22,493 users from a database containing over 5.9 billion tweets. We used specific search strings corresponding to different types of screening to gather our corpus. The corpus consisted of tweets, timestamps, hashtags, and shared URLs. We used a machine learning classifier trained on another dataset of tweets about cancer screening to automatically code whether a tweet fell within the scope of the study. We manually coded a randomly drawn stratified subset of 1200 tweets representative of the full corpus regarding year and screening program for the presence of misinformation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Tweets were not uniformly distributed across different screening programs and over time (\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n \u00b2\n 36<\/jats:sub>\n =4045.99, n=55,403\n ; P<\/jats:italic>\n <.001). Most tweets discussed population screening in general (n=35,199), and the volume of tweets increased around real-world events. Hashtags in the tweets predominantly focused on the screening programs that were discussed in those tweets. In our corpus, most shared URLs linked to other tweets (n=10,569) or news websites (n=2807). In our coded subset, information was shared in 679 tweets. Overall, 23 tweets contained misinformation. Topics in those tweets showed criticism toward the programs and policies, suspicions about conflicts of interest, and antivaccination beliefs regarding human papillomavirus (HPV). Most users used rhetorical questions, sarcasm, fearmongering, or expressed anger.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Our findings reveal that cancer screening programs are actively debated across social media platforms. We observed that conversations tend to spike in response to real-world events, suggesting social media can serve as a valuable lens into public reactions to health policy changes. Link-sharing behavior was common, though we noted a tendency for sources to reference back to the same platform where discussions originated. Despite finding limited instances of misinformation, we caution that even modest amounts of inaccurate information may have meaningful consequences for public health messaging and screening uptake.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/90916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T16:10:07Z","timestamp":1783095007000},"page":"e90916-e90916","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigating Online Discussions About Cancer Screening on Twitter (Subsequently Rebranded as X): Corpus Analysis"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2876-8073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin-Pieter","family":"Jansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4184-0252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanneke","family":"Hendriks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9609-9505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzan","family":"Verberne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9759-3938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gert-Jan","family":"de Bruijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0367-6757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enny","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14312-4","article-title":"Perspectives on cancer screening participation in a highly urbanized region: a Q-methodology study in The Hague, the Netherlands","volume":"22","author":"Bongaerts","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"A short guide to cancer screening: increase effectiveness, maximize benefits and minimize harm. World Health Organization. 2022. URL: https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/publications\/i\/item\/9789289057561 [Accessed 15-05-2024]"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"National Cancer Control Programmes: Policies and Managerial Guidelines. 2nd ed. World Health Organization; 2002. ISBN: 9789241545570"},{"issue":"7","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00199-6","article-title":"Colorectal cancer incidence, mortality, and stage distribution in European countries in the colorectal cancer screening era: an international population-based study","volume":"22","author":"Cardoso","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2055207620948996","article-title":"Factors affecting the quality and reliability of online health information","volume":"6","author":"Battineni","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"key":"R6","unstructured":"Digital economy and society statistics - households and individuals. Eurostat. 2024. URL: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Digital_economy_and_society_statistics_-_households_and_individuals#Pattern_of_internet_use [Accessed 07-08-2025]"},{"issue":"11","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/42447","article-title":"Online health information seeking among patients with chronic conditions: integrating the health belief model and social support theory","volume":"24","author":"Zhao","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1108\/JRIM-03-2021-0064","article-title":"How interaction experience enhances customer engagement in smart speaker devices? The moderation of gendered voice and product smartness","volume":"16","author":"Chen","journal-title":"JRIM"},{"issue":"1","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.47368\/ejhc.2021.002","article-title":"Influencing factors of online health information seeking in selected European countries","volume":"2","author":"Link","journal-title":"EJHC"},{"issue":"25","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2020-0440","article-title":"What is the alternative? Responding strategically to cancer misinformation","volume":"16","author":"Peterson","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.7202\/1060911ar","article-title":"Health misinformation and the power of narrative messaging in the public sphere","volume":"2","author":"Caulfield","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"issue":"7","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2024.2397268","article-title":"Health-related communication of social media influencers: a scoping review","volume":"40","author":"Ka\u0148kov\u00e1","journal-title":"Health Commun"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/64724","article-title":"Social media as a platform for cancer care decision-making among women: internet survey-based study on trust, engagement, and preferences","volume":"11","author":"Johnson","journal-title":"JMIR Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2022.12.011","article-title":"How adolescents trust health information on social media: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Freeman","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l365","article-title":"Vaccination: \u201cfake news\u201d on social media may be harming UK uptake, report warns","volume":"364","author":"Iacobucci","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"S3","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S300","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305812","article-title":"Breast cancer prevention and treatment: misinformation on Pinterest, 2018","volume":"110","author":"Wilner","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1080\/1461670X.2012.664428","article-title":"Researching news discussion on Twitter: new methodologies","volume":"13","author":"Bruns","journal-title":"J Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305115610141","article-title":"News sharing in social media: a review of current research on news sharing users, content, and networks","volume":"1","author":"K\u00fcmpel","journal-title":"Social Media + Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e41545","article-title":"Examining internet use for health information seeking and influencing factors among undergraduate health science students in Southwest Ethiopia","volume":"11","author":"Chereka","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"6","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234663","article-title":"Studying health-related internet and mobile device use using web logs and smartphone records","volume":"15","author":"Bach","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2934","article-title":"Use of the internet as a health information resource among French young adults: results from a nationally representative survey","volume":"16","author":"Beck","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-11-21","article-title":"Surfing the internet for health information: an Italian survey on use and population choices","volume":"11","author":"Siliquini","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"R23","unstructured":"One in two EU citizens look for health information online. Eurostat. 2021. URL: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/products-eurostat-news\/-\/edn-20210406-1 [Accessed 19-08-2024]"},{"issue":"4","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/hir.12192","article-title":"Consumer health information seeking in social media: a literature review","volume":"34","author":"Zhao","journal-title":"Health Info Libraries J"},{"issue":"5","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17917","article-title":"Social media use for health purposes: systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Chen","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.654481","article-title":"Implications of Twitter in health-related research: a landscape analysis of the scientific literature","volume":"9","author":"Yeung","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303512","article-title":"Twitter as a tool for health research: a systematic review","volume":"107","author":"Sinnenberg","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weller K Bruns A Burgess JE Mahrt M Puschmann C . Twitter and Society. Peter Lang; 2014. ISBN: 978-1-4331-2169-2","DOI":"10.3726\/978-1-4539-1170-9"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meier F Elsweiler D Wilson ML . More than liking and bookmarking? Towards understanding Twitter favouriting behaviour. Presented at: Eighth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media; Jun 1-4, 2014:346-355; Ann Arbor, Michigan USA. [doi: 10.1609\/icwsm.v8i1.14541]","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v8i1.14541"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kunneman F Liebrecht C van den Bosch A . The (un)predictability of emotional hashtags in twitter. Presented at: Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Language Analysis for Social Media (LASM); Apr 26, 2014 to Apr 30, 2026:26-34; Gothenburg, Sweden. 2014.[doi: 10.3115\/v1\/W14-1304]","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W14-1304"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang J Thornton KM Efthimiadis EN . Conversational tagging in twitter. Presented at: HT \u201910; Jun 13-16, 2010:173-178; Toronto Ontario Canada. Jun 13, 2010.[doi: 10.1145\/1810617.1810647]","DOI":"10.1145\/1810617.1810647"},{"issue":"5","key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.21191","article-title":"What motivates users to hashtag on social media?","volume":"36","author":"Rauschnabel","journal-title":"Psychology and Marketing"},{"issue":"10","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05169","article-title":"News consumption patterns on Twitter: fragmentation study on the online news media network","volume":"6","author":"Gaol","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"9","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2020.1835511","article-title":"Transnational news sharing on social media: measuring and analysing twitter news media repertoires of domestic and foreign audience communities","volume":"8","author":"Rauchfleisch","journal-title":"Digital Journalism"},{"issue":"8","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/26395","article-title":"Association between social media use and cancer screening awareness and behavior for people without a cancer diagnosis: matched cohort study","volume":"23","author":"Qin","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"R36","volume":"4","author":"Park","journal-title":"Res Rep (Montgomery, Ala)"},{"issue":"2","key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2013.811321","article-title":"Cancer talk on twitter: community structure and information sources in breast and prostate cancer social networks","volume":"19","author":"Himelboim","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/ojphi.v12i1.10321","article-title":"Understanding discussions of health issues on Twitter: a visual analytic study","volume":"12","author":"Ola","journal-title":"Online J Public Health Inform"},{"issue":"3","key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2006.0300","article-title":"Outdated and incomplete: a review of thyroid cancer on the world wide web","volume":"17","author":"Air","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"1","key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17187","article-title":"Prevalence of health misinformation on social media: systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Suarez-Lledo","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.21.287654","article-title":"Infodemics and health misinformation: a systematic review of reviews","volume":"100","author":"Borges do Nascimento","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/38687","article-title":"Health information and misinformation: a framework to guide research and practice","volume":"9","author":"Fridman","journal-title":"JMIR Med Educ"},{"key":"R43","unstructured":"Call for action: managing the infodemic. World Health Organization. 2020. URL: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/11-12-2020-call-for-action-managing-the-infodemic [Accessed 07-08-2024]"},{"issue":"5","key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21857","article-title":"Cancer misinformation on social media","volume":"74","author":"Loeb","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01056-1","article-title":"Measuring the impact of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on vaccination intent in the UK and USA","volume":"5","author":"Loomba","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37016\/mr-2020-024","article-title":"Misinformation in action: fake news exposure is linked to lower trust in media, higher trust in government when your side is in power","author":"Ognyanova","journal-title":"HKS Misinfo Review"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/49452","article-title":"Fact-checking cancer information on social media in Japan: retrospective study using Twitter","volume":"7","author":"Kureyama","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v14i1.7359","article-title":"Analysing the extent of misinformation in cancer related tweets","volume":"14","author":"Bal","journal-title":"ICWSM"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231205742","article-title":"Breast cancer prevention and treatment misinformation on Twitter: an analysis of two languages","volume":"9","author":"Yussof","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"key":"R50","unstructured":"Wardle C Derakhshan H . Information disorder: toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policy making. Council of Europe; 2017. Report No.: DGI(2017)09. URL: https:\/\/tverezo.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/PREMS-162317-GBR-2018-Report-desinformation-A4-BAT.pdf [Accessed 31-10-2025]"},{"issue":"4","key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12163","article-title":"Exposure to health (mis)information: lagged effects on young adults\u2019 health behaviors and potential pathways","volume":"65","author":"Tan","journal-title":"J Commun"},{"key":"R52","unstructured":"Jansen MP Hendriks H Verberne S Bruijn GJ Das E . Exploring dialogs on cancer screening: an investigation of online discussions from 2012 until 2023. OSF. Jan 6, 2025. [doi: 10.17605\/OSF.IO\/DA3KT]"},{"key":"R53","unstructured":"About. Twi-XL. URL: https:\/\/twi-xl.humanities.uva.nl\/?page_id=88 [Accessed 08-08-2024]"},{"key":"R54","unstructured":"Twitter\u2019s API access changes could mark \u2018end of an era\u2019 in academic research on the platform. Center for an Informed Public, University of Washington. 2023. URL: https:\/\/www.cip.uw.edu\/2023\/02\/02\/twitters-api-access-changes-academic-research\/ [Accessed 28-08-2024]"},{"key":"R55","unstructured":"Python. Python Software Foundation. 2022. URL: https:\/\/www.python.org\/ [Accessed 25-08-2025]"},{"key":"R56","unstructured":"Danilak MM . Langdetect. Python Package Index (PyPI). 2021. URL: https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/langdetect\/ [Accessed 26-02-2025]"},{"key":"R57","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"R58","unstructured":"Emmamich\/bachelor-thesis-emma-michielsens. GitHub. 2024. URL: https:\/\/github.com\/Emmamich\/Bachelor-Thesis-Emma-Michielsens [Accessed 10-06-2026]"},{"key":"R59","unstructured":"Bachmann M . RapidFuzz documentation. RapidFuzz: rapid fuzzy string matching. 2024. URL: rapidfuzz.github.io\/RapidFuzz\/ [Accessed 20-08-2026]"},{"key":"R60","unstructured":"Reitz RK . Requests. Python Package Index (PyPI). 2023. URL: https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/requests\/ [Accessed 21-08-2025]"},{"key":"R61","unstructured":"Kurkowski J . Tldextract: accurately separate a URL\u2019s subdomain, domain, and public suffix. Python Package Index (PyPI). 2025. URL: https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/tldextract\/ [Accessed 21-08-2025]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(90)90158-l","article-title":"High agreement but low Kappa: I. The problems of two paradoxes","volume":"43","author":"Feinstein","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568220911648","article-title":"Kappa and beyond: is there agreement?","volume":"10","author":"Dettori","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"McHugh","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"R66","unstructured":"Achtergrond [Web page in Dutch]. Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM). URL: https:\/\/www.rivm.nl\/bevolkingsonderzoek-darmkanker\/professionals\/achtergrond [Accessed 29-10-2025]"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2021.106602","article-title":"Impact of the suspension and restart of the Dutch breast cancer screening program on breast cancer incidence and stage during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"151","author":"Eijkelboom","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0334121","article-title":"Unpleasant but effective: newspaper coverage of cancer screening and cancer in the Netherlands from 2010 to 2022","volume":"20","author":"Jansen","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"R69","unstructured":"Affiliate marketing without borders. Trade Tracker. URL: https:\/\/tradetracker.com\/ [Accessed 10-06-2026]"},{"key":"R70","volume":"159","author":"Franssen","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"R71","volume":"159","author":"Vermeer","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"R72","volume":"159","author":"Mevius","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"issue":"4","key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-020-00706-4","article-title":"Overdiagnosis: one concept, three perspectives, and a model","volume":"36","author":"Hofmann","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12278","article-title":"Overdiagnosis: how cancer screening can turn indolent pathology into illness","volume":"122","author":"Brodersen","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"issue":"feb11 9","key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g366","article-title":"Twenty five year follow-up for breast cancer incidence and mortality of the Canadian national breast screening study: randomised screening trial","volume":"348","author":"Miller","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1177\/0969141321999426","article-title":"Google search volume trends for cancer screening terms during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"28","author":"Snyder","journal-title":"J Med Screen"},{"issue":"9","key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2021.1943481","article-title":"Does a crisis change news habits? A comparative study of the effects of COVID-19 on news media use in 17 European countries","volume":"9","author":"Van Aelst","journal-title":"Digital Journalism"},{"issue":"1","key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v5i1.14146","article-title":"Beyond trending topics: real-world event identification on Twitter","volume":"5","author":"Becker","journal-title":"ICWSM"},{"issue":"8","key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.32076","article-title":"Oropharyngeal cancer and the HPV vaccine: analysis of social media content","volume":"135","author":"Matthews","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01352-y","article-title":"Breast cancer on social media: a quali-quantitative study on the credibility and content type of the most shared news stories","volume":"21","author":"Biancovilli","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"R81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13669877.2014.923029","article-title":"Swine flu and hype: a systematic review of media dramatization of the H1N1 influenza pandemic","volume":"19","author":"Klemm","journal-title":"J Risk Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"R82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1108\/LHT-09-2020-0242","article-title":"Identifying features of health misinformation on social media sites: an exploratory analysis","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","journal-title":"Library Hi Tech"},{"key":"R83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Str\u00f6mb\u00e4ck J Wikforss \u00c5 Gl\u00fcer K Lindholm T Oscarsson H . Uninformed or misinformed? a review of the conceptual\u2013operational gap between (lack of) knowledge and (mis) perceptions. In: Knowledge Resistance in High-Choice Information Environments. Routledge; 2022:187-206. [doi: 10.4324\/9781003111474-10]","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003111474-10"},{"issue":"1","key":"R84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2026.2682535","article-title":"Cervical cancer and screening: knowledge, attitudes, and adherence among university students in Italy","volume":"22","author":"Angelillo","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"}],"container-title":["JMIR Infodemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T18:43:49Z","timestamp":1787942629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/infodemiology.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e90916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"references-count":84,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/90916","relation":{},"ISSN":["2564-1891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2564-1891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"article-number":"v6i1e90916"}}