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Responders to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) show improvements in executive function, suggesting that this may be one mechanism of action.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study investigated the effectiveness of app-based interventions (executive function or CBT-based) for reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms and improving workplace well-being, and assessed whether changes in executive function mediated improvements.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A total of 228 participants (147 female participants) with mild-to-moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety were recruited online and randomly assigned to a waitlist control group, an executive function training group (NeuroNation app, Synaptikon GmbH), or a self-guided CBT group (Moodfit app, Roble Ridge LLC) for a 4-week intervention period. Participants assigned to the active intervention groups were asked to use their apps a minimum of 21 times during the intervention. Participants completed measures of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and workplace well-being, and a working memory task at baseline, postintervention, and follow-up (12 weeks).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Executive function training reduced anxiety (\u03b2=\u22122.79;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.004) and depressive (\u03b2=\u22122.77;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.02) symptoms at follow-up but not at postintervention, and it did not affect workplace well-being. There were no reductions in depressive or anxiety symptoms in the self-guided CBT group, though workplace well-being was improved at postintervention (\u03b2=3.72;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.02) and follow-up (\u03b2=4.46;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.02). Improvements in executive function did not mediate intervention-related changes in symptoms or workplace well-being. Self-reported adherence rates were high (executive function training: 48\/54, 89%; self-guided CBT: 52\/54, 96%), although attrition was high at follow-up (58% missing).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n These results suggest that app-based executive function training may be effective at managing symptoms of anxiety and depression in a working population, while self-guided CBT apps may improve workplace well-being. 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