{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T18:10:23Z","timestamp":1789150223088,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Form Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Training visual processing skills, a domain implicated in sport performance and injury risk, could reduce injuries among youth athletes. The useful field of view (UFOV) cognitive training program improves visual processing efficiency. While UFOV training has been extensively studied in aging populations and yields significant cognitive and functional benefits, it has yet to be examined in adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study is to preliminarily assess the feasibility and acceptability of UFOV training in youth and report on the magnitude of change in visual processing efficiency from pre- to posttraining.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six adolescent athletes (aged 14\u201018 years) completed a 5-week adaptive, online, remote UFOV training program. The UFOV training program has a gamelike interface and increases in difficulty as participants accurately identify and locate targets that are rapidly displayed in the center and at the periphery of their screen amid distractors. Participants were assigned a total training dose of 250 levels across 5 weeks, with 5 scheduled sessions per week, each lasting approximately 25 minutes (equating to approximately 10.42 hours of assigned training time). Individuals met remotely with research staff weekly to receive coaching. We examined feasibility by calculating overall dose adherence (percentage of assigned levels completed) and regimen adherence (percentage of scheduled training sessions completed). Average overall acceptability, program usability, adoptability, and perceived benefit were calculated using responses to a posttraining survey, where item-level responses ranged from 1 to 7 on a Likert scale (responses greater than 4 reflected a view more positive than neutral toward the program). Participants completed the Double Decision Assessment pre- and posttraining to quantify the magnitude of change in visual processing efficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this pilot cohort, we observed strong dose (mean 95.33%, SD 11.43%) and regimen (mean 90.67%, SD 12.56%) adherence. Participants\u2019 responses to the acceptability survey suggested positive views of the program overall (mean 5.47, SD 0.4) and in terms of usability (mean 5.69, SD 0.43), perceived benefit (mean 5.36, SD 0.69), and adoptability (mean 5.17, SD 0.61). All participants demonstrated improved visual processing efficiency from pre- to posttraining (mean difference of 168.67, SD 112.05 ms; Cohen\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      =1.51).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Though preliminary, results suggest that UFOV training may be feasible and acceptable for adolescent athletes. All participants in this pilot study demonstrated improvements in visual processing efficiency after completing 5 weeks of training. Further research is needed to investigate the feasibility of implementing this training in other contexts, such as without research team support or in a group setting. Future work should also evaluate the extent to which UFOV training improves visual processing more than an active control intervention and whether visual processing improvements transfer to untrained skills to reduce the risk of sport-related injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/93778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:43:21Z","timestamp":1789148601000},"page":"e93778-e93778","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feasibility and Acceptability of Useful Field of View Cognitive Training in Adolescent Athletes: Pilot Pre-Post Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6820-3064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth D","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5798-1530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler A","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5009-5584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stacy J","family":"Suskauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8378-0417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beth S","family":"Slomine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7257-8985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika F","family":"Augustine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6188-6361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily R","family":"Akrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7271-2136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian M","family":"Svingos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.49392","article-title":"Sports-related injuries in adolescent athletes: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Al-Qahtani","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.21037\/tp.2017.04.08","article-title":"Epidemiology of sports-related musculoskeletal injuries in young athletes in United States","volume":"6","author":"Patel","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acy019","article-title":"Incidence and risk of concussions in youth athletes: comparisons of age, sex, concussion history, sport, and football position","volume":"34","author":"Tsushima","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.31382\/EQOL202301006Z","article-title":"Overview of systematic reviews on the most common sports injuries","volume":"16","author":"Zupan\u010di\u010d","journal-title":"Exerc Qual Life"},{"issue":"3","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-251-16","article-title":"High injury burden in elite adolescent athletes: a 52-week prospective study","volume":"53","author":"von Rosen","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2024.05.003","article-title":"Adolescents\u2019 experience with sports-related pain and injury: a systematic review of qualitative research","volume":"68","author":"Sheehan","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000809","article-title":"Psychosocial impacts of sports-related injuries in adolescent athletes","volume":"20","author":"Haraldsdottir","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-063489","article-title":"Pediatric sport-related concussion: recommendations from the Amsterdam Consensus Statement 2023","volume":"153","author":"Davis","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967121989108","article-title":"Limiting the pitch count in youth baseball pitchers decreases elbow pain","volume":"9","author":"Matsuura","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.068098","article-title":"Resistance training among young athletes: safety, efficacy and injury prevention effects","volume":"44","author":"Faigenbaum","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-380-18","article-title":"Health consequences of youth sport specialization","volume":"54","author":"Jayanthi","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"6","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000001027","article-title":"Visual-spatial attentional performance identifies lower extremity injury risk in adolescent athletes","volume":"32","author":"Avedesian","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk9020092","article-title":"Role of sport vision in performance: systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Buscemi","journal-title":"J Funct Morphol Kinesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-020-00283-6","article-title":"The effects of anticipation and visual and sensory performance on concussion risk in sport: a review","volume":"6","author":"Kung","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.01.034","article-title":"Video game training to improve selective visual attention in older adults","volume":"29","author":"Belchior","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12050532","article-title":"Enhancing cognitive function in older adults through processing speed training: implications for cognitive health awareness","volume":"12","author":"Lee","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.11.004","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analyses of useful field of view cognitive training","volume":"84","author":"Edwards","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00684","article-title":"Processing speed training increases the efficiency of attentional resource allocation in young adults","volume":"7","author":"Burge","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"18","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.18.2271","article-title":"Effects of cognitive training interventions with older adults: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"288","author":"Ball","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860412331336788","article-title":"The impact of speed of processing training on cognitive and everyday performance","volume":"9","author":"Edwards","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1159\/000356753","article-title":"Useful field of view test","volume":"60","author":"Wood","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"2","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030474","article-title":"An examination of mediators of the transfer of cognitive speed of processing training to everyday functional performance","volume":"28","author":"Edwards","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14132","article-title":"Cognitive and neural effects of vision-based speed-of-processing training in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a pilot study","volume":"64","author":"Lin","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2012.01.005","article-title":"Speed of processing training with middle-age and older adults with HIV: a pilot study","volume":"23","author":"Vance","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12607","article-title":"Ten-year effects of the advanced cognitive training for independent and vital elderly cognitive training trial on cognition and everyday functioning in older adults","volume":"62","author":"Rebok","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03138.x","article-title":"Cognitive training decreases motor vehicle collision involvement of older drivers","volume":"58","author":"Ball","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbv022","article-title":"The transfer of cognitive speed of processing training to older adults\u2019 driving mobility across 5 years","volume":"71","author":"Ross","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnw143","article-title":"The impact of three cognitive training programs on driving cessation across 10 years: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"57","author":"Ross","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"12","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp131","article-title":"Cognitive speed of processing training delays driving cessation","volume":"64","author":"Edwards","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.12.1324","article-title":"The ACTIVE cognitive training trial and health-related quality of life: protection that lasts for 5 years","volume":"61","author":"Wolinsky","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181a7b3b9","article-title":"The useful field of view test, normative data in children of school age","volume":"86","author":"Bennett","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01611.x","article-title":"Development of the adolescent brain: implications for executive function and social cognition","volume":"47","author":"Blakemore","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2009.08.005","article-title":"What has fMRI told us about the development of cognitive control through adolescence?","volume":"72","author":"Luna","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"issue":"5","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.08.017","article-title":"The development of human functional brain networks","volume":"67","author":"Power","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"R35","unstructured":"Double Decision. BrainHQ. URL: https:\/\/www.brainhq.com\/why-brainhq\/about-the-brainhq-exercises\/attention\/double-decision [Accessed 18-08-2026]"},{"issue":"9","key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26019","article-title":"Feasibility of home-based computerized working memory training with children and adolescents with sickle cell disease","volume":"63","author":"Hardy","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.009","article-title":"Feasibility and preliminary efficacy data from a computerized cognitive intervention in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Harrell","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57952-5","article-title":"Home-based cognitive training in pediatric patients with acquired brain injury: preliminary results on efficacy of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Corti","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e781","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.45","article-title":"Training sensory signal-to-noise resolution in children with ADHD in a global mental health setting","volume":"6","author":"Mishra","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"R40","unstructured":"What are the technical properties of the UFOV\u00ae assessment? BrainHQ support by Posit Science. 2024. URL: https:\/\/support.brainhq.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/28374425042061-What-are-the-technical-properties-of-the-UFOV-assessment [Accessed 17-02-2026]"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.05.030","article-title":"Cognitive remediation for adolescents with 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS): a preliminary study examining effectiveness, feasibility, and fidelity of a hybrid strategy, remote and computer-based intervention","volume":"166","author":"Mariano","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"33","key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3894","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.61.6672","article-title":"Computerized cognitive training for amelioration of cognitive late effects among childhood cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Conklin","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-024-02395-w","article-title":"Resilience strengthening in youth with a chronic medical condition: a randomized controlled feasibility trial of a combined app and coaching program","volume":"33","author":"Bischops","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102967","article-title":"What is the risk of recurrent concussion in children and adolescents aged 5-18 years? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"van Ierssel","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828d57dd","article-title":"Summary of evidence-based guideline update: evaluation and management of concussion in sports [RETIRED]: report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"80","author":"Giza","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.11.22","article-title":"Lower extremity musculoskeletal injury risk after concussion recovery in high school athletes","volume":"52","author":"Lynall","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"5","key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12828","article-title":"The effect of concussion on subsequent musculoskeletal injury risk in high school athletes","volume":"14","author":"Nusbickel","journal-title":"PM R"}],"container-title":["JMIR Formative Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:43:23Z","timestamp":1789148603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/formative.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e93778"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":47,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/93778","relation":{},"ISSN":["2561-326X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2561-326X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"article-number":"v10i11e93778"}}