{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:43:38Z","timestamp":1785545018982,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Ment Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Digital cognitive interventions (DCIs) have emerged as scalable approaches for treating cognitive dysfunction across psychiatric, neurological, and aging populations. Despite growing evidence of efficacy, little is known about which intervention components drive therapeutic effects or through which neurocognitive mechanisms they operate. As a result, null findings are often difficult to interpret, making it unclear whether interventions failed to engage their intended targets, or whether the targets themselves are not causally related to meaningful outcomes. This limits intervention refinement, comparative evaluation, and precision personalization. Here, we argue that DCI research should shift from broad efficacy testing toward mechanistic trials designed to identify active ingredients\u2014the intervention components responsible for engaging prespecified neurocognitive targets and producing clinically meaningful benefits. We propose adapting dismantling design methodology from psychotherapy research in order to integrate Research Domain Criteria constructs, mechanistic neuroscience, and high-resolution digital behavioral data to identify factors driving cognitive and functional outcomes. This approach aligns with the National Institute of Mental Health experimental therapeutics framework by explicitly linking target specification and target engagement with downstream clinical and functional outcomes. Mechanistic dismantling trials can determine whether specific DCI features, including adaptive difficulty, reward schedules, feedback contingencies, task variability, cognitive targets, and human support, are necessary, sufficient, or synergistic for engaging neural circuitry and producing durable and clinically meaningful transfer. Beyond optimizing intervention design, such studies may transform null or negative trials into mechanistically interpretable findings, while clarifying disease mechanisms and supporting the development of personalized, optimized, and usable DCIs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2196\/94246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T04:45:07Z","timestamp":1780289107000},"page":"e94246-e94246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Active Ingredients in Digital Cognitive Interventions: Integrating Dismantling Designs With Mechanistic Neuroscience"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4211-0561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Shizuko","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9329-4663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cutter Augustus","family":"Lindbergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1159-5524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Conley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9060-7046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dusti R","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6626-7398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David C","family":"Steffens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"9","author":"GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.1046692","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in psychiatric diseases: biomarkers of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention","volume":"16","author":"Wang","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-018-9388-2","article-title":"Cognitive deficits in psychotic disorders: a lifespan perspective","volume":"28","author":"Sheffield","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbab150","article-title":"Dynamic and static cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder after the first episode","volume":"48","author":"Zanelli","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.024","article-title":"Executive dysfunction and the course of geriatric depression","volume":"58","author":"Alexopoulos","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.3.285","article-title":"Executive dysfunction and long-term outcomes of geriatric depression","volume":"57","author":"Alexopoulos","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.02.016","article-title":"A meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"93","author":"Robinson","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S76700","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: a systematic review of meta-analyses","volume":"11","author":"Bortolato","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00253","article-title":"The relationship between cognitive dysfunction and symptom dimensions across schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02240-1","article-title":"Evaluating cognitive disturbances as treatment target and predictor of antidepressant action in major depressive disorder: a NeuroPharm study","volume":"12","author":"Dam","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000378","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder","volume":"31","author":"Knight","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713002535","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Rock","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.764374","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and neurocognitive profiles in major depression: a clinical perspective","volume":"13","author":"Hammar","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbab033","article-title":"Cognitive predictors of social and occupational functioning in early psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal data","volume":"47","author":"Cowman","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1778271","article-title":"Executive dysfunction as a transdiagnostic mechanism of psychopathology: a neurocognitive framework for diagnosis and intervention","volume":"20","author":"Carvalho","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1268506","article-title":"Editorial: transdiagnostic correlates of executive functions in psychiatric disorders","volume":"17","author":"Heilbronner","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3180302513","article-title":"Response inhibition predicts poor antidepressant treatment response in very old depressed patients","volume":"15","author":"Sneed","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181e751c4","article-title":"Executive function and short-term remission of geriatric depression: the role of semantic strategy","volume":"19","author":"Morimoto","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200108000-00011","volume":"9","author":"Kiosses","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610206003607","article-title":"Persistent mild cognitive impairment in geriatric depression","volume":"19","author":"Lee","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.07101590","article-title":"Depressive state- and disease-related alterations in neural responses to affective and executive challenges in geriatric depression","volume":"165","author":"Wang","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31817e739a","article-title":"Neurocognitive correlates of response to treatment in late-life depression","volume":"16","author":"Story","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajgp.12.4.387","article-title":"Executive functioning, illness course, and relapse\/recurrence in continuation and maintenance treatment of late-life depression: is there a relationship?","volume":"12","author":"Butters","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-1781(01)00244-x","article-title":"Dual-task performance in depressed geriatric patients","volume":"102","author":"Nebes","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.05.023","article-title":"Targeting cognitive control deficits with neuroplasticity-based computerized cognitive remediation in patients with geriatric major depression: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Morimoto","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5579","article-title":"Neuroplasticity-based computerized cognitive remediation for treatment-resistant geriatric depression","volume":"5","author":"Morimoto","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6482","article-title":"The use and effectiveness of mobile apps for depression: results from a fully remote clinical trial","volume":"18","author":"Arean","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01386-8","article-title":"A digital intervention targeting cognitive control network dysfunction in middle age and older adults with major depression","volume":"11","author":"Gunning","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.3776","article-title":"Neuroplasticity-based computerized cognitive remediation for geriatric depression","volume":"27","author":"Morimoto","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12871","article-title":"Prepotent motor activity and inhibitory control demands in different variants of the go\/no-go paradigm","volume":"55","author":"Wessel","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-884x(96)95617-9","article-title":"N2, P3 and the lateralized readiness potential in a nogo task involving selective response priming","volume":"99","author":"Kopp","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-012-0104-z","article-title":"Better late than never? The effect of feedback delay on ERP indices of reward processing","volume":"12","author":"Weinberg","journal-title":"Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2018.02.002","article-title":"Beyond the FRN: broadening the time-course of EEG and ERP components implicated in reward processing","volume":"132","author":"Glazer","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118400","article-title":"Frontal-midline theta reflects different mechanisms associated with proactive and reactive control of inhibition","volume":"241","author":"Messel","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2017.09.008","article-title":"Frontoparietal theta oscillations during proactive control are associated with goal-updating and reduced behavioral variability","volume":"129","author":"Cooper","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2007.00611.x","article-title":"The N2pc component and its links to attention shifts and spatially selective visual processing","volume":"45","author":"Kiss","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2021.100403","article-title":"Targeting subjective engagement in experimental therapeutics for digital mental health interventions","volume":"25","author":"Graham","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"issue":"4","key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16030360","article-title":"Computerized cognitive training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"174","author":"Hill","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02000-7","article-title":"Computerized cognitive training in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with blinded and objective outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Westwood","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.09.022","article-title":"Computerized cognitive training and functional recovery in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"189","author":"Motter","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landig.2025.100878","article-title":"Digital health interventions for mental health disorders: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials","volume":"7","author":"Crocamo","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1037\/a0039585","article-title":"Investigating the phenomenological matrix of mindfulness-related practices from a neurocognitive perspective","volume":"70","author":"Lutz","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1177\/17456916231197980","article-title":"Experimental therapeutics: opportunities and challenges stemming from the National Institute of Mental Health workshop on novel target discovery and psychosocial intervention development","volume":"20","author":"Zucker","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1971.01750180031005","article-title":"Relaxation in systematic desensitization","volume":"25","author":"Agras","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6842","key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/35083586","article-title":"Cortical remodelling induced by activity of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons","volume":"412","author":"Bao","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.03.011","article-title":"Aging, plasticity and environmental enrichment: structural changes and neurotransmitter dynamics in several areas of the brain","volume":"55","author":"Mora","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10040735","article-title":"Dopamine: the neuromodulator of long-term synaptic plasticity, reward and movement control","volume":"10","author":"Speranza","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"5","key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.11.022","article-title":"Dopamine in motivational control: rewarding, aversive, and alerting","volume":"68","author":"Bromberg-Martin","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037015","article-title":"Opponent actor learning (OpAL): modeling interactive effects of striatal dopamine on reinforcement learning and choice incentive","volume":"121","author":"Collins","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.03.028","article-title":"Inverted-U shaped dopamine actions on human working memory and cognitive control","volume":"69","author":"Cools","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2015.26","article-title":"Dopamine reward prediction-error signalling: a two-component response","volume":"17","author":"Schultz","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.08.009","article-title":"Experience-dependent adult cortical plasticity requires cognitive association between sensation and reward","volume":"52","author":"Blake","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"8","key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24082429","article-title":"A comprehensive review of behavior change techniques in wearables and IoT: implications for health and well-being","volume":"24","author":"Del-Valle-Soto","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13040-024-00368-y","article-title":"Unveiling wearables: exploring the global landscape of biometric applications and vital signs and behavioral impact","volume":"17","author":"Del-Valle-Soto","journal-title":"BioData Min"},{"issue":"3","key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.06.006","article-title":"Reconsidering anhedonia in depression: lessons from translational neuroscience","volume":"35","author":"Treadway","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185606","article-title":"Depression, stress, and anhedonia: toward a synthesis and integrated model","volume":"10","author":"Pizzagalli","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000059","article-title":"Liking, wanting, and the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction","volume":"71","author":"Berridge","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091432","article-title":"Mediators and mechanisms of change in psychotherapy research","volume":"3","author":"Kazdin","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/09637214241287171","article-title":"Learning and transfer: a perspective from action video game play","volume":"34","author":"Bavelier","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.09.031","article-title":"Enhancing attentional control: lessons from action video games","volume":"104","author":"Bavelier","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2016.18.1\/wschultz","article-title":"Dopamine reward prediction error coding","volume":"18","author":"Schultz","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2016.10.002","article-title":"Gamification for health and wellbeing: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"issue":"6682","key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/30498","article-title":"Evidence for striatal dopamine release during a video game","volume":"393","author":"Koepp","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07964-6","article-title":"Time-dependent consolidation mechanisms of durable memory in spaced learning","volume":"8","author":"Yang","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"27","key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7470","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1601243113","article-title":"Placebo effects in cognitive training","volume":"113","author":"Foroughi","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.76.2.243","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial to dismantle components of cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in female victims of interpersonal violence","volume":"76","author":"Resick","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00031","article-title":"Video games as a means to reduce age-related cognitive decline: attitudes, compliance, and effectiveness","volume":"4","author":"Boot","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.osep.2025.09.001","article-title":"Neural effects of a cognitive remediation intervention for late-life depression","volume":"8","author":"Manning","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry Open Sci Educ Pract"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.02.002","article-title":"Cognitive control interventions for depression: a systematic review of findings from training studies","volume":"53","author":"Koster","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579414001400","article-title":"The stability of the feedback negativity and its relationship with depression during childhood and adolescence","volume":"27","author":"Bress","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2013.814544","article-title":"Differentiating anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: evidence from event-related brain potentials","volume":"44","author":"Bress","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.05.057","article-title":"Intensive cognitive training in schizophrenia enhances working memory and associated prefrontal cortical efficiency in a manner that drives long-term functional gains","volume":"99","author":"Subramaniam","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.12.024","article-title":"Computerized cognitive training restores neural activity within the reality monitoring network in schizophrenia","volume":"73","author":"Subramaniam","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"5","key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2014.907526","article-title":"Imaging the ADHD brain: disorder-specificity, medication effects and clinical translation","volume":"14","author":"Rubia","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"1","key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94162-z","article-title":"Frontal midline theta differentiates separate cognitive control strategies while still generalizing the need for cognitive control","volume":"11","author":"Eisma","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.04.012","article-title":"Frontal theta as a mechanism for cognitive control","volume":"18","author":"Cavanagh","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276994","article-title":"Effects of a three-week executive control training on adaptation to task difficulty and emotional interference","volume":"17","author":"Gr\u00fctzmann","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27695-6","article-title":"Prefrontal cortical plasticity during learning of cognitive tasks","volume":"13","author":"Tang","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsae077","article-title":"Altered default-mode and frontal-parietal network pattern underlie adaptiveness of emotion regulation flexibility following task-switch training","volume":"19","author":"Gao","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01210-9","article-title":"Dose-response relationship between computerized cognitive training and cognitive improvement","volume":"7","author":"Liu","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"R81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00385","article-title":"Brain plasticity-based therapeutics","volume":"8","author":"Merzenich","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"R82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/38886","article-title":"A new approach to enhancing engagement in eHealth apps","volume":"11","author":"Oakley-Girvan","journal-title":"Interact J Med Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"R83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0003-066x.51.10.1031","article-title":"Studying the effectiveness of psychotherapy. How well can clinical trials do the job?","volume":"51","author":"Jacobson","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"R84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-5573-4-8","article-title":"Translational methods in biostatistics: linear mixed effect regression models of alcohol consumption and HIV disease progression over time","volume":"4","author":"Finucane","journal-title":"Epidemiol Perspect Innov"},{"issue":"2","key":"R85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36416\/1806-3756\/e20230137","article-title":"Mixed-effects model: a useful statistical tool for longitudinal and cluster studies","volume":"49","author":"Silveira","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3758\/brm.40.3.879","article-title":"Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models","volume":"40","author":"Preacher","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"R87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbab022","article-title":"A meta-analysis of cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: efficacy and the role of participant and treatment factors","volume":"47","author":"Lejeune","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"R88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1713334","article-title":"Achieving clinically meaningful outcomes in digital health: a six-step, cyclical precision engagement framework (ENGAGE)","volume":"7","author":"Eiselt","journal-title":"Front Digit Health"}],"container-title":["JMIR Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mental.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e94246","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:23:32Z","timestamp":1785536612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mental.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e94246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"references-count":88,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/94246","relation":{},"ISSN":["2368-7959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2368-7959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"article-number":"v13i2e94246"}}