{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T21:13:09Z","timestamp":1788556389194,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Internet Res"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Federal and state school nutrition policies over the past 20 years have improved school meal nutritional quality, children\u2019s diet quality, and childhood obesity prevalence in the United States. However, increasing use of mobile food delivery apps during school hours may introduce new dietary risks among adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to assess adolescents\u2019 usage patterns of, and perceptions toward, mobile food delivery during school hours in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We administered a national online survey in July to August 2025 using the AmeriSpeak Teen Omnibus platform operated by NORC at the University of Chicago. The respondents were 1027 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. We estimated and statistically compared survey-weighted distributions of self-reported types and frequencies of mobile food app usage characteristics during and after school by age, sex, race\/ethnicity, household income levels, and regional strata using\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n tests. We also conducted thematic analyses of responses to an open-ended question asking why participants supported or opposed the use of mobile food delivery services during school hours.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Nearly 1 in 4 adolescents have used mobile food delivery services during school hours, and nearly half used them after school. Large proportions of adolescents used these services to order fast food (58.8%) and sugar-sweetened beverages (34.1%), while grain bowls, fruit, non\u2013deep-fried vegetables, and unsweetened beverages were less popular. About 34.0% of adolescents in the western United States attended schools that allowed mobile food delivery during school hours, a substantially higher proportion than other national regions; however, adolescents in the West more frequently cited the perceived high costs as the reason for not using those services. Nearly half of the respondents (47.2%) supported the idea of mobile food delivery during school hours. However, distraction from their learning environment was a major concern regardless of their support or opposition to mobile food delivery at school.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Mobile food delivery during school hours is a relatively new method of food acquisition for adolescent students. School nutrition policy should consider students\u2019 access to and usage patterns of both physical and digital food environments to help ensure the development of lifelong healthy eating habits among adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/94675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T17:55:10Z","timestamp":1783360510000},"page":"e94675-e94675","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of Use of Mobile Food Delivery Services During School Hours in the United States: Survey Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7020-3757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Matsuzaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6526-8524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey W","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7938-8153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick","family":"Birk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5449-2038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0623-6543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla Estefania","family":"Tarazona Meza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4824-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brisa N","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4447-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma V","family":"Sanchez-Vaznaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6552-4871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabri","family":"Bromage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"R1","first-page":"s176","volume":"22","author":"Apovian","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.154628","article-title":"Childhood obesity: causes and consequences","volume":"4","author":"Sahoo","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1329-2","article-title":"Effects of school neighborhood food environments on childhood obesity at multiple scales: a longitudinal kindergarten cohort study in the USA","volume":"17","author":"Jia","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665113003819","article-title":"Modifying the food environment for childhood obesity prevention: challenges and opportunities","volume":"73","author":"Penney","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"R5","unstructured":"Digital food environments. 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