{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:51:16Z","timestamp":1791201076842,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Diabetes self-management education and support requires scalable digital solutions, making mobile health (mHealth) interventions increasingly vital. Despite their proven clinical efficacy, the real-world translation and scalability of these interventions are severely hindered by fragmented and opaque reporting. To address this methodological gap, the World Health Organization developed the mHealth evidence reporting and assessment (mERA) checklist to standardize reporting transparency.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to systematically evaluate the reporting completeness of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on mHealth interventions for adult diabetes using the mERA checklist; identify critical reporting gaps; analyze how these deficiencies undermine feasibility, scalability, and sustainability; and propose targeted strategies for future optimization.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses)\u2013compliant systematic review was conducted. Five major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library) were systematically searched for relevant RCTs published from inception to July 2026. Data extraction and reporting completeness assessments were conducted using the 16-item mERA core checklist. Nonparametric and categorical analyses were used to evaluate factors associated with reporting completeness.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 144 RCTs conducted across 49 countries were included in the final analysis. The mean overall mERA reporting score was 6.74 out of 16 (SD 2.71). While basic characteristics such as intervention delivery (n=128, 88.9%) and technology platform (n=117, 81.3%) were well reported, critical system-level domains were largely omitted. Specifically, interoperability (n=12, 8.3%), data security (n=28, 19.4%), compliance with guidelines (n=41, 28.5%), and intervention fidelity (n=53, 36.8%) were severely underreported. Additionally, reporting completeness was significantly higher in studies published between 2016 and 2026 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.01) and in multicomponent interventions compared to single-component ones (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.04).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Empirical research on mHealth interventions for adult diabetes exhibits systemic structural flaws in reporting, particularly concerning system integration, data security, and regulatory compliance. These omissions significantly undermine the transparency, reproducibility, and real-world scalability of digital diabetes care solutions. Future trials must rigorously adopt standardized reporting frameworks such as the mERA checklist to bridge the gap between clinical efficacy and large-scale public health policy translation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/95863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:52:16Z","timestamp":1791197536000},"page":"e95863-e95863","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reporting Gaps in mHealth Intervention Studies for Adults With Diabetes: Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9878-3067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4659-3446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiacheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2570-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junke","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5479-7014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5891-6703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyue","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6213-2000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-024-01450-x","article-title":"Prognostic effectiveness of interactive vs. non-interactive mobile app interventions in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"82","author":"Tang","journal-title":"Arch Public Health"},{"issue":"10467","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02317-1","article-title":"Worldwide trends in diabetes prevalence and treatment from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 1108 population-representative studies with 141 million participants","volume":"404","author":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1962","article-title":"Global economic burden of diabetes in adults: projections from 2015 to 2030","volume":"41","author":"Bommer","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1 Suppl 1","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S001","article-title":"1. Improving care and promoting health in populations: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025","volume":"48","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721720987926","article-title":"2017 National standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support","volume":"47","author":"Beck","journal-title":"Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e125","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(22)00233-3","article-title":"Effectiveness, reach, uptake, and feasibility of digital health interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"5","author":"Moschonis","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1549568","article-title":"Technological functionality and system architecture of mobile health interventions for diabetes management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"13","author":"Yu","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296820942286","article-title":"A digital lifestyle program in outpatient treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study","volume":"15","author":"Hilmarsd\u00f3ttir","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"issue":"6","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-023-01404-6","article-title":"A randomised control trial to explore the impact and efficacy of the Healum collaborative care planning software and app on condition management in the type 2 diabetes mellitus population in NHS primary care","volume":"14","author":"Heald","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.04.033","article-title":"Lifestyle interventions based on the diabetes prevention program delivered via eHealth: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Joiner","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2018.01.009","article-title":"The effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine-based lifestyle interventions on biomedical, psychosocial, and behavioral outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Yu","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"4","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2792","DOI":"10.1177\/1460458220937102","article-title":"Mobile health interventions in developing countries: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Hoque","journal-title":"Health Informatics J"},{"issue":"3","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1071\/HE16041","article-title":"Designing evaluation plans for health promotion mHealth interventions: a case study of the Milk Man mobile app","volume":"27","author":"White","journal-title":"Health Promot J Austr"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i1174","article-title":"Guidelines for reporting of health interventions using mobile phones: mobile health (mHealth) evidence reporting and assessment (mERA) checklist","volume":"352","author":"Agarwal","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10771","article-title":"Self-management education through mHealth: review of strategies and structures","volume":"6","author":"Bashi","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"1","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-021-01238-0","article-title":"Clinical and patient-centered implementation outcomes of mHealth interventions for type 2 diabetes in low-and-middle income countries: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Mokaya","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"7","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170581","article-title":"What is the economic evidence for mHealth? A systematic review of economic evaluations of mHealth solutions","volume":"12","author":"Iribarren","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NNR.0000313482.33917.7d","article-title":"From text to codings: intercoder reliability assessment in qualitative content analysis","volume":"57","author":"Burla","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"R20","first-page":"276","volume":"22","author":"McHugh","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"issue":"5","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/12246","article-title":"A web-based cognitive behavior therapy intervention to improve social and occupational functioning in adults with type 2 diabetes (the Springboard trial): randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Clarke","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16729","article-title":"A web-based mental health intervention to improve social and occupational functioning in adults with type 2 diabetes (the Springboard trial): 12-month outcomes of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Baldwin","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/27263","article-title":"An enhanced SMS text message-based support and reminder program for young adults with type 2 diabetes (TEXT2U): randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Middleton","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7274","article-title":"Web-based cognitive behavior therapy for depression in people with diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Newby","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/mhealth-2020-3","article-title":"Effectiveness of a mobile phone text messaging intervention on dietary behaviour in patients with type 2 diabetes: a post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Islam","journal-title":"Mhealth"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.deman.2022.100106","article-title":"Effects of traditional versus m-Health educational interventions for diabetic patients: a randomised controlled trial in peripheral district of Bangladesh","volume":"9","author":"Banu","journal-title":"Diabetes Epidemiol Manag"},{"issue":"18","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.4348","article-title":"Effect of a digital intervention on depressive symptoms in patients with comorbid hypertension or diabetes in Brazil and Peru: two randomized clinical trials","volume":"325","author":"Araya","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-78188-7","article-title":"Effectiveness of a web-based foot-ankle exercise program for treating ulcer risk factors in diabetic neuropathy in a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Ferreira","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968241268352","article-title":"Electronic glycemic management system improved glycemic control and reduced complications in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"C\u00e2mara de Souza","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/mhealth-19-249","article-title":"Can mHealth and eHealth improve management of diabetes and hypertension in a hard-to-reach population? -Lessons learned from a process evaluation of digital health to support a peer educator model in Cambodia using the RE-AIM framework","volume":"6","author":"Steinman","journal-title":"Mhealth"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2016.12.005","article-title":"The effect of text message support on diabetes self-management in developing countries - a randomised trial","volume":"7","author":"Van Olmen","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2019.0324","article-title":"Improved glycemic control through the use of a telehomecare program in patients with diabetes treated with insulin","volume":"22","author":"Lemelin","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10321","article-title":"Mobile app for improved self-management of type 2 diabetes: multicenter pragmatic randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Agarwal","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"1","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.188409","article-title":"Effect of home blood pressure telemonitoring with self-care support on uncontrolled systolic hypertension in diabetics","volume":"60","author":"Logan","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"9","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003754","article-title":"Evaluation of an mHealth-enabled hierarchical diabetes management intervention in primary care in China (ROADMAP): a cluster randomized trial","volume":"18","author":"Jia","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-020-01129-7","article-title":"The role of text messaging intervention in Inner Mongolia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Wang","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"issue":"9","key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005805","article-title":"Effects of mobile text messaging on glycemic control in patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Huo","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21501319241263657","article-title":"A transtheoretical model-based online intervention to improve medication adherence for Chinese adults newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes: a mixed-method study","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","journal-title":"J Prim Care Community Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/15401","article-title":"Effectiveness of smartphone app-based interactive management on glycemic control in Chinese patients with poorly controlled diabetes: randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/30571","article-title":"Web-based TangPlan and WeChat combination to support self-management for patients with type 2 diabetes: randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Xia","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"3","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2020.12.004","article-title":"Effect of remote management on comprehensive management of diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 epidemic","volume":"15","author":"Kang","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2021.09.001","article-title":"Effects of mobile phone-based telemedicine management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"363","author":"Yang","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14956","article-title":"Efficacy of a basal insulin dose management smartphone application for controlling fasting blood glucose in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a single-centre, randomised clinical study","volume":"99","author":"Luo","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13962","article-title":"Electronic messaging intervention for management of cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Fang","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/40420","article-title":"The effectiveness of an eHealth family-based intervention program in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the community via WeChat: randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Feng","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"50","key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013632","article-title":"Increased self-care activities and glycemic control rate in relation to health education via WeChat among diabetes patients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"97","author":"Dong","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076241272514","article-title":"The effects of shared decision-making informed dietary intervention based on digital health technology in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/19869","article-title":"A mobile-based intervention for dietary behavior and physical activity change in individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Xu","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.926719","article-title":"A mobile app for diabetes management: impact on self-efficacy among patients with type 2 diabetes at a community hospital","volume":"26","author":"Zhai","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/59142","article-title":"Effectiveness of King's Theory of Goal Attainment in blood glucose management for newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes: randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Yan","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X211020261","article-title":"Effectiveness of mHealth management with an implantable glucose sensor and a mobile application among Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Guo","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109948","article-title":"Efficacy of the mHealth application in patients with type 2 diabetes transitioning from inpatient to outpatient care: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"189","author":"Mar\u00eda G\u00f3mez","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16101510","article-title":"Comparing the efficacy of digital and in-person weight loss interventions for patients with obesity and glycemic disorders: evidence from a randomized non-inferiority trial","volume":"16","author":"Moravcov\u00e1","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"9","key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/30602","article-title":"The effects of a lifestyle intervention supported by the InterWalk smartphone app on increasing physical activity among persons with type 2 diabetes: parallel-group, randomized trial","volume":"10","author":"Thorsen","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"1","key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4973-5","article-title":"SMS education for the promotion of diabetes self-management in low & middle income countries: a pilot randomized controlled trial in Egypt","volume":"17","author":"Abaza","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13806","article-title":"Efficacy of two telemonitoring systems to improve glycaemic control during basal insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes: the TeleDiab-2 randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Franc","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100702","article-title":"Use of smartphone application versus written titration charts for basal insulin titration in adults with type 2 diabetes and suboptimal glycaemic control (My Dose Coach): multicentre, open-label, parallel, randomised controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Hermanns","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"issue":"1","key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13173","article-title":"The 6-month effectiveness of internet-based guided self-help for depression in adults with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"34","author":"Ebert","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.14310\/horm.2002.1603","article-title":"Impact and duration effect of telemonitoring on \u0397bA1c, BMI and cost in insulin-treated diabetes mellitus patients with inadequate glycemic control: a randomized controlled study","volume":"14","author":"Fountoulakis","journal-title":"Hormones (Athens)"},{"issue":"11","key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-1288","article-title":"Once-weekly insulin icodec with dosing guide app versus once-daily basal insulin analogues in insulin-naive type 2 diabetes (ONWARDS 5): a randomized trial","volume":"176","author":"Bajaj","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1485464","article-title":"Personalized nutrition in type 2 diabetes remission: application of digital twin technology for predictive glycemic control","volume":"15","author":"Shamanna","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"3","key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038192","article-title":"Effectiveness of an mHealth-based electronic decision support system for integrated management of chronic conditions in primary care: the mWellcare cluster-randomized controlled trial","volume":"139","author":"Prabhakaran","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_92_20","article-title":"Effectiveness of mobile application for promotion of physical activity among newly diagnosed patients of type II diabetes - a randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Patnaik","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107919","article-title":"Effectiveness of mobile phone text messaging in improving glycaemic control among persons with newly detected type 2 diabetes","volume":"158","author":"Vinitha","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.4103\/ijph.IJPH_199_17","article-title":"Effectiveness of randomized control trial of mobile phone messages on control of fasting blood glucose in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in a Northern State of India","volume":"62","author":"Kumar","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2020.06.011","article-title":"Technological innovations to improve health outcome in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled study","volume":"9","author":"Sunil Kumar","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"issue":"E","key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2023.11601","article-title":"Transforming diabetes management: a study on the effectiveness of smartphone applications in enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of people with diabetes mellitus","volume":"11","author":"Budhiwardoyo","journal-title":"Open Access Maced J Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.31838\/ijpr\/2021.13.01.126","article-title":"Collaboration between interprofessional healthcare and patients to improve quality of life type 2 diabetes via smartphone application","volume":"13","author":"Noviani","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2251-6581-11-10","article-title":"Impact of distance education via mobile phone text messaging on knowledge, attitude, practice and self efficacy of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iran","volume":"11","author":"Goodarzi","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-023-01291-5","article-title":"The efficacy of theory driven treatment adherence promotion program among type 2 diabetic patients: application of intervention mapping and mHealth","volume":"22","author":"Mirzaei-Alavijeh","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"issue":"S1","key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.59800","article-title":"Comparison of multimedia and short message services education on the physical activity of diabetic patients: an application of health promotion model","volume":"20","author":"Lari","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.5603\/cd.96203","article-title":"Effectiveness of theory-based intervention on knowledge level, psychological constructs, metabolic index and physical activity status in patients with type 2 diabetes: application of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model","volume":"12","author":"Zanjanchi Neko","journal-title":"Clin Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901107010044","article-title":"TECNOB study: ad interim results of a randomized controlled trial of a multidisciplinary telecare intervention for obese patients with type-2 diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Castelnuovo","journal-title":"Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health"},{"key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/53740","article-title":"Efficacy of Save Medical Corporation (SMC)-01, a smartphone app designed to support type 2 diabetes self-management based on established guidelines: randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Leung","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01114-8","article-title":"Effectiveness of DialBetesPlus, a self-management support system for diabetic kidney disease: randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Waki","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296815579690","article-title":"DialBetics with a multimedia food recording tool, FoodLog: smartphone-based self-management for type 2 diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Waki","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad639","article-title":"Lifestyle intervention with smartphone app and isCGM for people at high risk of type 2 diabetes: randomized trial","volume":"109","author":"Kitazawa","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X16657500","article-title":"An internet-based health gateway device for interactive communication and automatic data uploading: clinical efficacy for type 2 diabetes in a multi-centre trial","volume":"23","author":"Cho","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"issue":"6","key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02732.x","article-title":"A Ubiquitous Chronic Disease Care system using cellular phones and the internet","volume":"26","author":"Yoo","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22034-0","article-title":"The effectiveness, reproducibility, and durability of tailored mobile coaching on diabetes management in policyholders: a randomized, controlled, open-label study","volume":"8","author":"Lee","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"R81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/19153","article-title":"Effect of voluntary participation on mobile health care in diabetes management: randomized controlled open-label trial","volume":"8","author":"Lee","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"2","key":"R82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16266","article-title":"Effect of a mobile phone-based glucose-monitoring and feedback system for type 2 diabetes management in multiple primary care clinic settings: cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Yang","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"5","key":"R83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1258\/jtt.2011.101006","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of a glucose data-filtering system with automatic response software to reduce the physician workload in managing type 2 diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Cho","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"issue":"7","key":"R84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/37430","article-title":"Efficacy of personalized diabetes self-care using an electronic medical record-integrated mobile app in patients with type 2 diabetes: 6-month randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Lee","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"R85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes21047","article-title":"Effects of short-term mobile application use on weight reduction for patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Lee","journal-title":"J Obes Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"R86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11874-7","article-title":"Digital messaging to support control for type 2 diabetes (StAR2D): a multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Farmer","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"R87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072507","article-title":"Effects of brain breaks videos on the motives for the physical activity of Malaysians with type-2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"17","author":"Hidrus","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"R88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2023.19.71","article-title":"Effectiveness of a new smartphone application on type 1 diabetes control and self-management in times of Covid-19: prospective comparative study","volume":"19","author":"Derkaoui","journal-title":"Rev Diabet Stud"},{"issue":"7","key":"R89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/CIN.0000000000000443","article-title":"Self-tracking of physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Kooiman","journal-title":"Comput Inform Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"R90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/18524","article-title":"A web-based computer-tailored program to improve treatment adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes: randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Vluggen","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"R91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2588","article-title":"Diabetes self-management smartphone application for adults with type 1 diabetes: randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Kirwan","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"R92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05261-x","article-title":"Impact of a comprehensive digital health programme on HbA and weight after 12 months for people with diabetes and prediabetes: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"63","author":"McLeod","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"10","key":"R93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203913","article-title":"Open-source automated insulin delivery in type 1 diabetes","volume":"387","author":"Burnside","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jphsr\/rmae005","article-title":"Pharmacist-led intervention to improve treatment outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Ihekoronye","journal-title":"J Pharm Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"R95","first-page":"166","volume":"25","author":"Shahid","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"key":"R96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13410-018-0608-3","article-title":"Effect of telemedicine messages integrated with peer group support on glycemic control in type 2 diabetics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","volume":"38","author":"Sani","journal-title":"Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries"},{"issue":"6","key":"R97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.12417","article-title":"Effect of a smartphone app on weight change and metabolic outcomes in Asian adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"Lim","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"R98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16067","article-title":"Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an app and rewards-based intervention in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Finkelstein","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"R99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15178","article-title":"Effectiveness of a nurse-led smartphone-based self-management programme for people with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"78","author":"Jiang","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"R100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X231203490","article-title":"Effectiveness of an algorithm-driven home telemonitoring system on the metabolic control and self-care behaviour of Asian adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Tan","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"key":"R101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/60834","article-title":"Effectiveness of a digital health intervention leveraging reinforcement learning: results from the diabetes and mental health adaptive notification tracking and evaluation (DIAMANTE) randomized clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"Aguilera","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010162","article-title":"Effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention in increasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet among patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: a controlled and randomized study (EMID study)","volume":"11","author":"Alonso-Dom\u00ednguez","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"R103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zamanillo-Campos R Fiol-Deroque MA Serrano-Ripoll MJ et al. Effectiveness of DiabeText, a mHealth intervention to support diabetes self-management: randomized controlled trial in primary care. medRxiv. Preprint posted online on Feb 29, 2024. [doi: 10.1101\/2024.02.28.24303489]","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.02.28.24303489"},{"issue":"3","key":"R104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681200600313","article-title":"Development and validation of a computer application to aid the physician\u2019s decision-making process at the start of and during treatment with insulin in type 2 diabetes: a randomized and controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"S\u00e1enz","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296818804522","article-title":"The influence of the Smart Glucose Manager mobile application on diabetes management","volume":"13","author":"Gunawardena","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"R106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/53054","article-title":"Effectiveness of a smartphone app to promote physical activity among persons with type 2 diabetes: randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Bonn","journal-title":"Interact J Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/11444","article-title":"Effectiveness of a behavior change technique-based smartphone game to improve intrinsic motivation and physical activity adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes: randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"H\u00f6chsmann","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"issue":"1","key":"R108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.02.017","article-title":"Novel smartphone game improves physical activity behavior in type 2 diabetes","volume":"57","author":"H\u00f6chsmann","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"R109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.60099\/prijnr.2023.262244","article-title":"Two-way SMS reminders for medication adherence and quality of life in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Chiaranai","journal-title":"PRIJNR"},{"issue":"3","key":"R110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-022-01389-5","article-title":"Family support-based intervention using a mobile application provided by pharmacists for older adults with diabetes to improve glycaemic control: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Poonprapai","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"R111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1177\/0017896920981617","article-title":"The effect of a mobile application on the foot care of individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled study","volume":"80","author":"Dincer","journal-title":"Health Educ J"},{"issue":"11","key":"R112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.33963\/KP.a2021.0112","article-title":"Effect of a mobile application and smart devices on heart rate variability in diabetic patients with high cardiovascular risk: a sub-study of the LIGHT randomized clinical trial","volume":"79","author":"Hay\u0131ro\u011flu","journal-title":"Kardiol Pol"},{"issue":"9","key":"R113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016009","article-title":"Web-based self-management support for people with type 2 diabetes (HeLP-Diabetes): randomised controlled trial in English primary care","volume":"7","author":"Murray","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"R114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2022.0504","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of an adaptive bolus calculator for type 1 diabetes: a randomized controlled crossover study","volume":"25","author":"Unsworth","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"R115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X16631628","article-title":"A randomised, controlled trial of the effects of a mobile telehealth intervention on clinical and patient-reported outcomes in people with poorly controlled diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Baron","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"issue":"5","key":"R116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X16655911","article-title":"Investigating the behavioural effects of a mobile-phone based home telehealth intervention in people with insulin-requiring diabetes: results of a randomized controlled trial with patient interviews","volume":"23","author":"Baron","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"issue":"4","key":"R117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2024.2334220","article-title":"Enhancing type 2 diabetes treatment through digital plans of care - a randomized controlled trial: evaluation of change in patient reported outcome measures","volume":"19","author":"Heald","journal-title":"Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"R118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2023.03.270","article-title":"Frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels via a remote patient monitoring system helps improve glycemic control","volume":"29","author":"Sachmechi","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"R119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0310","article-title":"A team-based online game improves blood glucose control in veterans with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Kerfoot","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"R120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16665","article-title":"Nurse coaching and mobile health compared with usual care to improve diabetes self-efficacy for persons with type 2 diabetes: randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Young","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"R121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/43669","article-title":"Effectiveness of an immersive telemedicine platform for delivering diabetes medical group visits for African American, Black and Hispanic, or Latina women with uncontrolled diabetes: the women in control 2.0 noninferiority randomized clinical trial","volume":"25","author":"Mitchell","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"R122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111614","article-title":"Outcomes of the Dulce Digital-COVID Aware (DD-CA) discharge texting platform for US\/Mexico border Hispanic individuals with diabetes","volume":"210","author":"Spierling Bagsic","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"12","key":"R123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2976","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-1099","article-title":"Randomized, controlled trial of a digital behavioral therapeutic application to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"45","author":"Hsia","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"R124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.2337\/ds20-0101","article-title":"Use of a meter with color-range indicators and a mobile diabetes management app improved glycemic control and patient satisfaction in an underserved Hispanic population: \u201cTu Salud\u201d-a randomized controlled partial cross-over clinical study","volume":"35","author":"Katz","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectr"},{"issue":"1","key":"R125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00508-2","article-title":"Digital intervention increases influenza vaccination rates for people with diabetes in a decentralized randomized trial","volume":"4","author":"Lee","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"R126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.9265","article-title":"Mobile diabetes intervention study of patient engagement and impact on blood glucose: mixed methods analysis","volume":"6","author":"Quinn","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"3","key":"R127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.5603\/DK.a2022.0012","article-title":"Use of a diabetes self-management application in combination with a 4 mm pen needle and its impact on glycemic variability and patient-reported outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes using basal-bolus insulin therapy","volume":"11","author":"Mahoney","journal-title":"Clin Diabetol"},{"issue":"11","key":"R128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/18922","article-title":"Effectiveness of internet-based multicomponent interventions for patients and health care professionals to improve clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes evaluated through the INDICA study: multiarm cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Ramallo-Fari\u00f1a","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"9","key":"R129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.33629","article-title":"Mobile health intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Gerber","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"R130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-2153","article-title":"Online diabetes self-management program: a randomized study","volume":"33","author":"Lorig","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"R131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721718765650","article-title":"A diabetes mobile app with in-app coaching from a certified diabetes educator reduces A1C for individuals with type 2 diabetes","volume":"44","author":"Kumar","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"R132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721719844547","article-title":"Effectiveness of technologically enhanced peer support in improving glycemic management among predominantly African American, low-income adults with diabetes","volume":"45","author":"Heisler","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"R133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2014.01.001","article-title":"Effects of diabetes self-management programs on time-to-hospitalization among patients with type 2 diabetes: a survival analysis model","volume":"95","author":"Adepoju","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"issue":"7","key":"R134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4716","article-title":"The Mobile Insulin Titration Intervention (MITI) for insulin adjustment in an urban, low-income population: randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Levy","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"R135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2022.07.048","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of mobile health intervention in patients with heart failure and diabetes","volume":"28","author":"Felker","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"2","key":"R136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681200600214","article-title":"Mobile phone-based video messages for diabetes self-care support","volume":"6","author":"Bell","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"issue":"11","key":"R137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S122490","article-title":"Improving adherence and outcomes in diabetic patients","volume":"11","author":"Joshi","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"issue":"4","key":"R138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1923","article-title":"CONSORT-EHEALTH: improving and standardizing evaluation reports of web-based and mobile health interventions","volume":"13","author":"Eysenbach","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"R139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.05.010","article-title":"Impact of a primary care-based mobile health intervention to \u201csit less and move more\u201d on HbA1c, blood pressure, and other clinical outcomes in office employees with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Al\u00f2s","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"R140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/26350106241293113","article-title":"Nurse-led mobile phone intervention to promote self-management in type 2 diabetes in Ghana: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"51","author":"Asante","journal-title":"Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care"},{"key":"R141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/68648","article-title":"Evaluation of the impact of mobile health app Vitadio in patients with type 2 diabetes: randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Bretschneider","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-025-01552-0","article-title":"The effectiveness of a community-based online low-glycaemic index diet and lifestyle recommendations intervention for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"83","author":"Chen","journal-title":"Arch Public Health"},{"key":"R143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1654129","article-title":"Digital outdoor exercise program for obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Cui","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"R144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.05.017","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of telemonitoring compared with standard of care in people with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin: a national multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"137","author":"Hangaard","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-25245-4","article-title":"Effectiveness of a digital diabetes self-management education and support program in Vietnamese adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Nguyen","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2025.101485","article-title":"Systematic intensive therapy in addition to continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes: a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"\u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"issue":"1","key":"R147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaae077","article-title":"Dulce Digital-Me: results of a randomized comparative trial of static versus adaptive digital interventions for Latine adults with diabetes","volume":"59","author":"Philis-Tsimikas","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"R148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.deman.2025.100279","article-title":"Efficacy of a mobile application for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"19-20","author":"Rodr\u00edguez Montes","journal-title":"Diabetes Epidemiol Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"R149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E235","DOI":"10.15167\/2421-4248\/jpmh2025.66.2.3149","article-title":"The effectiveness of theory based educational intervention on health literacy, medication adherence and self-manag","volume":"66","author":"Shabani Bazneshin","journal-title":"J Prev Med Hyg"},{"key":"R150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/83685","article-title":"A tailor-made mobile app with a local cuisine database for self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Wongdama","journal-title":"JMIR Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"R151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16066-z","article-title":"Effect of Artificial Intelligence-based Health Education Accurately Linking System (AI-HEALS) for type 2 diabetes self-management: protocol for a mixed-methods study","volume":"23","author":"Wu","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"R152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-03258-y","article-title":"The impact of digital storytelling on psychosocial well-being in individuals with type 1 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial study in Iran","volume":"13","author":"Zamani","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"issue":"9","key":"R153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.29762","article-title":"Mobile app-based intervention and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"R154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13340-026-00898-2","article-title":"Impact of a remote nutrition education on low-carbohydrate diet based in type 2 diabetes management: findings from a Brazilian primary care randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Balbinot","journal-title":"Diabetol Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"R155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-26-00132","article-title":"Expanding technology-enabled, nurse-delivered chronic disease care: a pragmatic, randomized, effectiveness-implementation trial","volume":"179","author":"Crowley","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2025.102264","article-title":"Effectiveness of mHealth interventions for improving diabetes management outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cluster randomized crossover trial in Western Rajasthan","volume":"37","author":"Huda","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"R157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2025.10.008","article-title":"Impact of smart watch mobile application on the risk treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (iSMART-DM)","volume":"20","author":"Jang","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"R158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2026.04.012","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of connected solutions among people with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on oral anti-diabetic drugs: a randomized real-world study on Insultrate","volume":"20","author":"Lu","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"R159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-026-06674-w","article-title":"Analysis of glycaemic control with a connected smart pen cap in adults with type 1 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, parallel-group trial","volume":"69","author":"Sebastian-Valles","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"R160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/78731","article-title":"Effectiveness of the mobile-based Diabetes Little Helper video intervention on medication adherence among older adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Henan, China: randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Wang","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"R161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/77470","article-title":"Effect of a digital-driven physician-pharmacist collaborative model for diabetes in primary health care: cluster randomized trial","volume":"28","author":"Xiao","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-025-04509-z","article-title":"Smart insulin dosage software based on trend arrows: an effective method for controlling hyperglycemia in hospitalized diabetic patients in non-endocrine departments (a randomized controlled trial)","volume":"91","author":"Zhou","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"11","key":"R163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5233","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15870","article-title":"The effectiveness of telemonitoring and integrated personalized diabetes management in people with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"26","author":"Saetang","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"R164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-014-0181-3","article-title":"Privacy and security in mobile health apps: a review and recommendations","volume":"39","author":"Mart\u00ednez-P\u00e9rez","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"R165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/42615","article-title":"Digital health data quality issues: systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Syed","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"R166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocv189","article-title":"SMART on FHIR: a standards-based, interoperable apps platform for electronic health records","volume":"23","author":"Mandel","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"}],"container-title":["JMIR mHealth and uHealth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:52:19Z","timestamp":1791197539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e95863"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":166,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/95863","relation":{},"ISSN":["2291-5222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2291-5222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"article-number":"v14i1e95863"}}