{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T20:06:32Z","timestamp":1785182792985,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Internet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social media platforms have become important spaces for the circulation and discussion of health information. X (formerly Twitter) is one such space where traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM)\u2013related terms circulate in public health discourse. However, longitudinal TCIM-related mention patterns on social media, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic period, remain poorly documented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aimed to characterize temporal mention patterns of TCIM-related terms on X across English, Spanish, and French between 2015 and 2024, including the COVID-19 pandemic period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective observational infodemiology study using raw, nonnormalized annual mention counts from Brandwatch-indexed public X content in English, Spanish, and French that contained 39 predefined TCIM-related terms from 2015 to 2024. Descriptive analyses summarized cumulative mentions and annual mention counts. Exploratory trend analyses were restricted to the 2015 to 2019 prepandemic period. For each term-language combination, ordinary least squares regression was fitted with annual mention count as the dependent variable and calendar year as the independent variable. Exploratory linear trend signals were retained when R2\u22650.70 and an exact permutation test on the slope yielded P\u2264.05 (120 permutations).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cumulative mentions of the 39 TCIM-related terms totaled 191,994,848 over 2015 to 2024. The most frequently mentioned terms were \u201cyoga\u201d (79,618,183), \u201cmeditation\u201d (55,560,372), and \u201cmindfulness\u201d (18,915,377), together accounting for 80.3% (154,093,932\/191,994,848) of all mentions. Raw cumulative mentions were predominantly indexed in English (170,100,867\/191,994,848, 88.6%) compared with Spanish (17,171,541\/191,994,848, 8.9%) and French (4,722,440\/191,994,848, 2.5%). Between 2019 and 2020, \u201cmeditation\u201d showed the largest absolute increase in raw mention counts (1,935,949\/3,627,557, 53.4%), whereas \u201cayurveda\u201d showed the largest relative increase (400,624\/214,901, 186.4%). Exploratory 2015 to 2019 trend analyses identified 14 linear trend signals in English (n=13, 92.9% decreasing; n=1, 7.1% increasing: \u201cintermittent fasting,\u201d 161,584\/70,496, 229%), 11 in French (n=5, 45.5% increasing), and 8 in Spanish (3 increasing). \u201cReiki\u201d and \u201creflexology\u201d decreased in all 3 languages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2015 and 2024, raw TCIM-related mention counts on X were highly concentrated in a small set of wellness and mind-body labels and were predominantly in English compared with Spanish and French. No sustained aggregate surge was evident in the raw descriptive data during the COVID-19 pandemic period, although some terms such as \u201cayurveda\u201d showed short-term fluctuations. These findings should be interpreted as platform-specific raw mention patterns, not as evidence of normalized public interest, sentiment, user attitudes, professional practice, or actual TCIM use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/97760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T11:10:07Z","timestamp":1783941007000},"page":"e97760","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Traditional, Complementary, and Integrative Medicine on X (Formerly Twitter) From 2015 to 2024 Across English, Spanish, and French: Retrospective Observational 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