{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:07:07Z","timestamp":1789589227844,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Form Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Generative AI tools are increasingly being integrated into daily life, offering cognitive support across domains such as writing, decision-making, and social interpretation. While beneficial, excessive reliance on such tools may contribute to diminished confidence in one\u2019s own thinking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This report describes a woman in her mid-20s with generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder who developed a pattern of functional dependence on generative AI tools\u2014specifically ChatGPT (OpenAI). She historically had strong social, academic, and occupational functioning. Psychiatric consultation did not suggest the presence of a personality disorder, and although she was a high-achieving individual, clinically significant perfectionistic traits were not evident. Despite this, she increasingly relied on AI for routine cognitive and interpersonal tasks, including composing emails, interpreting social interactions, predicting the future, and making decisions, and she felt increasingly uncomfortable completing such tasks independently. This case highlights the potential danger of generative AI tools in reassurance-seeking behavior and how their use might compound anxiety. These behaviors were observed across both professional and personal contexts, suggesting that the patient\u2019s AI use was not limited to task-specific assistance but reflected a generalized strategy for managing uncertainty and self-doubt. In this case, this behavioral pattern was characterized by cognitive offloading, reduced confidence in independent judgment, and reinforcement of externalized thinking processes, which led to the subjective belief of declining skill and compromised functional autonomy. The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model was used to describe this pattern of behavior. While repeatedly turning to a family member or friend for validation and reassurance might lead to interpersonal fatigue, using AI tools for this purpose has no such limits, and the tools are infinitely accessible. This might ultimately worsen a patient\u2019s ability to tolerate uncertainty. Given the ubiquity of AI tools and the prevalence of anxiety disorders, clinicians may need to be aware of the role AI tools could potentially play in reassurance seeking and thus the perpetuation of anxiety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2196\/98297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:51:00Z","timestamp":1789588260000},"page":"e98297-e98297","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Problematic Reliance on Generative AI in an Anxious Young Adult: Case Report"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3756-0582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"Kosmyna N Hauptmann E Yuan YT et al. Your brain on ChatGPT: accumulation of cognitive debt when using an AI assistant for essay writing task. arXiv. Preprint posted online on 2025. URL: https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2506.08872 [doi: 10.48550\/arXiv.2506.08872]"},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"Phang J Lampe M Ahmad L et al. Investigating affective use and emotional well-being on ChatGPT. arXiv. Preprint posted online on Apr 4, 2025. 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Brainstorm: The Power and Purpose of the Teenage Brain. Tarcher Perigee; 2013. URL: https:\/\/drdansiegel.com\/book\/brainstorm\/ [Accessed 04-09-2026] ISBN: 9780399168833"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrikopoulou E Baffa K . Exploring user trust and adoption of AI chatbots for health and fitness management across age groups. In: Giacomini M Delgado J TN A et al, editors. Opening the Personal Gate between Technology and Health Care. IOS Press; 2026:620-624. [doi: 10.3233\/SHTI260245]","DOI":"10.3233\/SHTI260245"},{"issue":"5","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.23965","article-title":"Millions turn to AI chatbots for mental health support","volume":"335","author":"Rubin","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R21","unstructured":"Sharma M McCain M Douglas R Duvenaud D . Who\u2019s in charge? Disempowerment patterns in real-world LLM usage. Preprint posted online on Jan 27, 2026. 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