{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:18:11Z","timestamp":1791764291400,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Med Inform"],"DOI":"10.2196\/medinform.7271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]],"date-time":"2017-05-11T10:15:15Z","timestamp":1494497715000},"page":"e11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Virtual Reality as an Adjunct Home Therapy in Chronic Pain Management: An Exploratory Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0411-6767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernie","family":"Garrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3462-903X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarnia","family":"Taverner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3531-4803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"McDade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"24","author":"Rheingold, H","year":"1991","journal-title":"Virtual Reality"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000064"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12626"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31822192e2"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","first-page":"219","volume":"40","author":"JahaniShoorab, Nahid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968313490999"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-13-00343"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.01.319"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2012.1572"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2010.07.003"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/876306","volume":"16","author":"Schopflocher, D","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmh115","volume":"21","author":"Smith, BH","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"IASPIASP20122017-04-14International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Taxonomy http:\/\/www.iasp-pain.org\/Taxonomy?navItemNumber=576"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Canadian Pain Coalition (CPC)20142017-04-14The Painful Truth: The state of pain management in Canada http:\/\/www.canadianpaincoalition.ca\/media\/painful_truth_report.pdf"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"41","author":"Rashiq, S","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chronic Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmh115","volume":"21","author":"Smith, BH","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","first-page":"15","volume":"26","author":"Gilmour, H","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.4.581"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1188\/02.ONF.E8-E15"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1188\/04.ONF.81-88"},{"issue":"3699","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3699.971","volume":"150","author":"Melzack, R","year":"1965","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.95.3.516","volume":"95","author":"McCaul, KD","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"MelzackREvolution of the neuromatrix theory of pain200405The Prithvi Raj Lecture: The third World Congress of the World Institute of Pain2004Barcelona, Spain8594"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf022","volume":"125","author":"Bantick, SJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2007.9993"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"133","author":"Mura, G","year":"2010","journal-title":"Metaplasticity in Virtual Worlds: Aesthetics and Semantic Concepts"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"ShawCGromalaDSeayAFThe meditation chamber: enacting autonomic senses200711Enactive 07November 19-22, 2007Grenoble, France"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1145\/333329.333344","volume":"32","author":"LaViola, J","year":"2000","journal-title":"SIGCHI Bulletin"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13153"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087445"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","first-page":"142","volume":"28","author":"Soltani, M","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contemp Hypn Integr Ther"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2011.654284"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200003000-00005","volume":"16","author":"Breivik, EK","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200407000-00002","volume":"20","author":"Herr, KA","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref35","first-page":"129","volume":"23","author":"Cleeland, CS","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"issue":"3 Suppl 1","key":"ref36","first-page":"1","volume":"42","author":"Sawatzky, BJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2005.08.006"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2004.11.007"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.2394.2009","volume":"80","author":"Bonato, F","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"LingYBrinkmanWPNefsHTQuoCHeynderickxICyber-sickness anxiety in virtual environments2011VTT Symposium (Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus)2011Delft, Netherlands"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1992.1.3.311"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-240X(199704)20:2<169::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-I","volume":"20","author":"Thorne, S","year":"1997","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"ref43","author":"Thorne, S","year":"2008","journal-title":"Interpretive Description (Developing Qualitative Inquiry)"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02895967","volume":"21","author":"Davis, M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(90)90046-G","volume":"43","author":"Turk, DC","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14768320500143339"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(84)90027-5","volume":"22","author":"Heide, F","year":"1984","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"ref48","unstructured":"LubertoCThesis20122017-04-14Cincinnati, OHUniversity of CincinnatiDevelopment and Validation of the Relaxation Sensitivity Index https:\/\/etd.ohiolink.edu\/pg_10?215996591039095::NO:10:P10_ETD_SUBID:84440"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280802355197"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0B013E318148C96F"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/games.6476"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.44.6.763","volume":"44","author":"Bayus, B","year":"1998","journal-title":"Management Sci"},{"key":"ref53","author":"Rogers, E","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diffusion of Innovations, 5th edition"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.19.1548","volume":"279","author":"Astin, J","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7489(02)00005-6","volume":"39","author":"Thorne, S","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FernandesAFeinerSCombating VR sickness through subtle dynamic field-of-view modification2016IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI)2016Greenville, SC20110","DOI":"10.1109\/3DUI.2016.7460053"},{"key":"ref57","unstructured":"KolasinskiEDTIC19952017-04-14Simulator sickness in virtual environments http:\/\/www.dtic.mil\/get-tr-doc\/pdf?AD=ADA295861"},{"key":"ref58","unstructured":"BarrettJSemanticscholar20042017-04-14Edinburgh, AustraliaAustralian Department of DefenseSide effects of virtual environments: a review of the literature https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/ab1b\/4153e44abb4c1a1fcac5f2aaee847d30ecf3.pdf"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872007X230262"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.5801"}],"container-title":["JMIR Medical Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/medinform.jmir.org\/2017\/2\/e11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:03:45Z","timestamp":1782842625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/medinform.jmir.org\/2017\/2\/e11\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/medinform.7271","relation":{},"ISSN":["2291-9694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2291-9694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]]}}}