{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:14:18Z","timestamp":1772237658829,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Form Res"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n The COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges to health care systems, particularly impacting the older population due to their vulnerability and increased susceptibility to severe complications. Many of the most vulnerable individuals rely on informal caregivers, who play a vital role in enabling them to continue living in their homes. However, social isolation and limited access to health services during the pandemic have made caregiving more difficult. In response, massive open online courses (MOOCs) have emerged as a training and support solution for caregivers. This study focuses on a MOOC developed to assist caregivers during the pandemic, aiming to enhance their knowledge of COVID-19 and prevention measures and promote effective self-care practices.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The study\u2019s aim is to develop and validate a MOOC integrating personal and housing hygiene measures to be adopted in self-care\u2013related activities, surveillance, and monitoring by caregivers of the most vulnerable home-dwelling\u2013dependent people, to provide safe care and prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A methodological study was developed. The content of the MOOC was developed based on scientific evidence and a Delphi study. The course was organized into 9 modules, addressing aspects related to safe self-care assistance and minimizing the risk of contagion. A convenience sample of 33 informal caregivers was recruited through a caregivers\u2019 association to verify the adequacy of the course. Knowledge questionnaires were administered before and after the course to assess the impact on caregivers\u2018 knowledge. The Family Caregiving Factors Inventory was used to evaluate caregiver resources, knowledge, expectations, and difficulties. Additionally, the technology acceptance model was applied to assess participants\u2019 satisfaction with the MOOC.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Prior to attending the MOOC, participants demonstrated an average knowledge level score of mean 14.94 (SD 2.72). After completing the course, this score significantly increased to mean 16.52 (SD 2.28), indicating an improvement in knowledge. Caregivers found the course accessible, valuable, and applicable to their caregiving roles. Feedback regarding the MOOC\u2019s structure, illustrative videos, and language was overwhelmingly positive. Participants perceived the course as a valuable resource for decision-making in care delivery, leading to enhanced self-esteem and confidence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The MOOC has proven to be an effective tool for increasing caregivers\u2019 knowledge and empowering them in their roles. Remarkably, even low-literacy caregivers found the course valuable for its clear and understandable information. The MOOC demonstrated its adaptability to challenges faced during the pandemic, ensuring access to relevant information. This empowering strategy for caregivers has yielded positive outcomes. The MOOC represents a tool to support and empower informal caregivers, enabling them to provide optimal care during difficult times.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/48398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T09:16:52Z","timestamp":1695633412000},"page":"e48398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessing the Effectiveness of a Massive Open Online Course for Caregivers Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Methodological Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2951-8001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Lumini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6669-8339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Rui","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6627-0439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berta","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3395-7653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"COVID 19: WHO European region quarterly operational update - weeks 40-52 (october-december 2022)World Health Organization20222023-08-24https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/publications\/m\/item\/covid-19-who-european-region-quarterly-\u200boperational-update-fourth-quarter-2022-weeks-40-52-october-december-2022"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Joint ECDS-WHO Regional Office for Europe Weekly COVID-19 surveillance bulletinWorld Health Organization2023-08-24https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/news\/item\/19-03-2021-who-europe-and-ecdc-launch-the-first-joint-covid-19-surveillance-bulletin"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167-2018-0728"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"45","author":"Sim\u00f5es, A","year":"2021","journal-title":"HIGEIA"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref5","first-page":"147","volume":"24","author":"Ferreira, PL","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nascer e Crescer"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Associac\u0327a\u0303o Portuguesa de familiares e amigos dos doentes de alzheimerAlzheimer Portugal20202023-08-24https:\/\/alzheimerportugal.org\/pt\/news_text"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"JuniorARMunhozOLBadkeMRda SilvaLMCCremoneseLCogoSBExperi\u00eancia de enfermeiros docentes frente ao contexto da pandemia da COVID-19O Social em Quest\u00e3o2023-08-24https:\/\/www.redalyc.org\/journal\/5522\/552264320016\/552264320016.pdf"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijedro.2020.100012"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"Kennedy, J","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Interact Online Learn"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/jime.679"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24059\/olj.v21i2.889"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Cuidar de pessoas dependentesEscola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto: Projeto Intent-Care20232023-08-24http:\/\/pope.esenf.pt\/intentcare\/"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"1","author":"Rudd, RE","year":"2001","journal-title":"Evaluation [Internet]"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"WallnerCAlpenSAdolfMMedia literacy competencies for navigating media cultures: findings of a comparative study in Southeast Asia2017International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR 2017)July 16-20, 2017Cartagena, Colombia126"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00149"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249008"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.01462.x"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"1","author":"Witthaus, G","year":"2016","journal-title":"JRC Science Policy Report"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16687"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005061"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2020.104705"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/technologies9040084"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"SpyropoulouNPierrakeasCKameasACreating MOOC guidelines based on best practices20146th International Conference on Education and New Learning TechnologiesJuly 7-9, 2014Barcelona, Spain69816990"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2020.1802298"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40692-016-0070-5"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1518-8345.3678.3375"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610216001186"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4641-9"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"678","volume":"210","author":"Moreno, PA","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.725510"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4238-3"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301216640184"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14767503211023135"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1058383"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5770\/cgj.24.506"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12166642"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2020.06.041"}],"container-title":["JMIR Formative Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T09:17:00Z","timestamp":1695633420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/formative.jmir.org\/2023\/1\/e48398"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"references-count":37,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/48398","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.48398","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2561-326X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2561-326X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]}}}