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In this review the most important cases of childhood leukaemia clusters around NPPs are described and analyzed with special emphasis on the relationship between the environmental exposure to ionizing radiation and the risk of leukaemia. Since, as indicated, a lifetime residency in the proximity of an NPP does not pose any specific health risk to people and the emitted ionizing radiation is too small to cause cancer, a number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the childhood leukaemia clusters. The most likely explanation for the clusters is \u2018population mixing\u2019, i.e., the influx of outside workers to rural regions where nuclear installations are being set up and where local people are not immune to pathogens brought along with the incomers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2203\/dose-response.14-005.janiak","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]],"date-time":"2014-02-25T21:05:06Z","timestamp":1393362306000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Epidemiological Evidence of Childhood Leukaemia around Nuclear Power Plants"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Marek K.","family":"Janiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-dose-response.14-005.Janiak","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(91)90037-E"},{"key":"bibr2-dose-response.14-005.Janiak","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22403"},{"key":"bibr3-dose-response.14-005.Janiak","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s3573"},{"key":"bibr4-dose-response.14-005.Janiak","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2004.08.010"},{"key":"bibr5-dose-response.14-005.Janiak","volume-title":"Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation","author":"BEIR VII","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr6-dose-response.14-005.Janiak","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602980"},{"key":"bibr7-dose-response.14-005.Janiak","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.80.1.1"},{"key":"bibr8-dose-response.14-005.Janiak","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5855.706"},{"key":"bibr9-dose-response.14-005.Janiak","volume-title":"Investigation of the Possible Increased Incidence of Cancer in Cumbria","author":"Black D","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr10-dose-response.14-005.Janiak","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1980.236"},{"key":"bibr11-dose-response.14-005.Janiak","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(97)00095-8"},{"key":"bibr12-dose-response.14-005.Janiak","volume-title":"West Cumbria: Further Studies and an Update of the Situation since the Publication of the Report of the Black Advisory Group","author":"COMARE. 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