{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:51:33Z","timestamp":1787755893000,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NU58DP006956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU58DP006956"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CJASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Kidney diseases are an important public health problem, rising in global significance. In place for nearly 2 decades, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Kidney Disease Surveillance System is the first comprehensive surveillance system developed in the United States, focused exclusively on tracking kidney disease before ESKD. The Kidney Disease Surveillance System incorporates key data and trends from multiple, large national-level survey data sources (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), electronic medical record data (Military and Veterans Affairs Health Systems), health care claims (Medicare, Optum), and social determinants of health (American Community Survey). The prevalence of CKD among civilian US adults remains steady between 13% and 14%. The prevalence is higher among older, female, non-Hispanic Black adults and those with diabetes or hypertension. Among US veterans, the incidence of CKD and rates of diagnosis of AKI increased from 2008 to 2022 (incidence: 62.8 to 71.5\/1000 person-years, AKI: 84.9 to 241.7 cases\/1000 person-years). Awareness of the disease nationwide among persons with CKD has historically been low (&lt;10%), but starting in 2013, has increased to approximately 25%. Persons with CKD self-report more problems with sleep, and those aged 65 years and older self-report a higher prevalence of functional limitations. Improvements in quality-of-care measures, including medication prescription and increase in both serum creatinine and albuminuria testing were observed. Increased self-reported physical activity was observed among persons with CKD. Food insecurity increased among persons with CKD, with the highest prevalence in young, female, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic adults. Although population-level prevalence of CKD remains stable, higher AKI and CKD rates are being observed in health systems settings. This project's website can be found at https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/KDSS\/. Robust surveillance is key to raising awareness of kidney disease, its risk factors, care quality, and outcomes. Surveillance findings may inform policy and evidence-based practices that reduce premature morbidity and mortality, improve quality of life, and reduce cost.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.0000000867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T17:00:25Z","timestamp":1764867625000},"page":"1456-1468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9069-9489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Bragg-Gresham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Epidemiology and Cost Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3975-5131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3847-3757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Epidemiology and Cost Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9160-2044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Laura","family":"Licon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Epidemiology and Cost Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Kiryakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Epidemiology and Cost Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0533-3192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Heung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hal","family":"Morgenstern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Weitzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"},{"name":"Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1200-9515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffany","family":"Veinot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"},{"name":"Department of Learning Health Sciences, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4488-0612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenda","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Epidemiology and Cost Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4410-2853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zubin J.","family":"Modi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0502-674X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1377-8615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracey P\u00e9rez","family":"Koehlmoos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Services Research, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1201-6344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Nee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Service, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1648-4981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James D.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Service, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6269-172X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sola","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meda E.","family":"Pavkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4636-2982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajiv","family":"Saran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Epidemiology and Cost Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"},{"name":"Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3 suppl 3","key":"B1-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S121","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.06.037","article-title":"The kidney disease initiative and the division of diabetes translation at the centers for disease control and prevention","volume":"53","author":"Albright","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"B2-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05480809","article-title":"Establishing a national chronic kidney disease surveillance system for the United States","volume":"5","author":"Saran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"3 suppl 3","key":"B3-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.07.056","article-title":"Public health surveillance of CKD: principles, steps, and challenges","volume":"53","author":"Powe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"B4-20260826","first-page":"A57","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease: a public health problem that needs a public health action plan","volume":"3","author":"Schoolwerth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"B5-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002343","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease as a global public health problem: approaches and initiatives - a position statement from kidney disease improving global outcomes","volume":"72","author":"Levey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"suppl l_2","key":"B6-20260826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii121","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw330","article-title":"The ascending rank of chronic kidney disease in the global burden of disease study","volume":"32","author":"Jager","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"66","key":"B10-20260826","article-title":"Plan and operations of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, August 2021\u2013August 2023. 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