{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:50:20Z","timestamp":1788929420439,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018732","name":"Vissing Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009908","name":"Grosserer L. F. Foghts Fond","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009908","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020219","name":"Helen og Ejnar Bj\u00f8rnows Fond","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008140","name":"Hans og Nora Buchards Fond","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008140","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004915","name":"Nyreforeningen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004915","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004824","name":"Dansk Nefrologisk Selskab","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021817","name":"Knud og Edith Eriksens Mindefond","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021817","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008244","name":"Direkt\u00f8r Jacob Madsen og Hustru Olga Madsens Fond","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008244","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009906","name":"Grosserer A.V. Lykfeldt og Hustrus Legat","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009906","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003491","name":"Herlev Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CJASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Far infrared radiation did not improve the proportion of interventions in arteriovenous fistulas in patients on hemodialysis after 12 months of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>No difference was seen between treatment groups in time to intervention, number of thrombosed fistulas, and change in access flow.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>This study does not support the effect of far infrared radiation on fistula survival as proposed in previous vascular access guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients on hemodialysis, the risk of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure is unacceptably high. Up to 67% of AVFs need an intervention within 1 year after placement. There are no effective treatments to prolong AVF longevity. Far infrared radiation (FIR) treatment has been suggested to enhance AVF survival. The present trial investigated the effect of FIR on the proportion of interventions in the AVF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, patients were allocated to receive FIR treatment or no FIR. Eligible patients were patients on chronic hemodialysis with a well-functioning AVF. The FIR group received FIR above the skin of their AVF for 40 minutes at every hemodialysis session for 1 year. The primary outcome was the difference in the proportion of patients with at least one intervention (thrombectomy or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty) after 12 months. The chi-squared test analyzed the difference. Secondary outcomes included differences in the number of thrombosed AVFs, intervention rate, access flow at various time points, and time to first intervention between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 115 patients were randomized to the FIR group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =58) or the control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =57). Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with interventions between the FIR and control groups (19% versus 28%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.25) or in the proportion with thrombosed AVFs (5% versus 3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.26). Time to first intervention was 164 (interquartile range, 86\u2013272) days in the FIR group and 127 (interquartile range, 44\u2013164) days in the control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.26). No differences in the change of access flow occurred (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.86).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During 12 months of treatment, FIR did not affect the overall patency of the AVF. No difference was found in the number of patients with interventions or in any of the secondary endpoints (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04011072).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04011072<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.0000001079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T16:02:15Z","timestamp":1781280135000},"page":"1394-1403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Far Infrared Radiation on the Proportion of Interventions in Arteriovenous Fistulas in Patients on Hemodialysis"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2471-2056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristine","family":"Lindhard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9106-5381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik Post","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstine","family":"Gliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0414-467X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Hommel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7607-213X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boye Lagerbon","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5182-9217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ylian","family":"Liem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7565-774X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian Lindegaard","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahshid","family":"Pourarsalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hilleroed Hospital, Hilleroed, 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