{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T16:13:13Z","timestamp":1788624793164,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014240","name":"American Kidney Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Clinical Scientist in Nephrology Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Clinical Scientist in Nephrology Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014240","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CJASN"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary hypertension (PH), defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure &gt;20 mm Hg, is a common comorbidity in patients with CKD. The prevalence of PH increases as kidney function declines, and PH is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality. The pathophysiology of PH in CKD has not been studied in detail primarily because studies incorporating right heart catheterization, the gold-standard test for diagnosing and phenotyping PH, are rare, and therefore, data regarding the hemodynamic phenotypes of PH in patients with CKD are sparse. Factors such as left-sided heart failure, anemia, and the presence of arteriovenous fistulas all likely play a role in the development of PH in patients with CKD. As pressures in the pulmonary arteries increase, maladaptive changes, such as hypertrophy and dilation, occur in the right ventricle to maintain cardiac output, eventually leading to clinical heart failure and death. Although this pathologic cycle is well characterized in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, there are few data on longitudinal changes in the RV in patients with PH and CKD. There are no specific treatments that have been evaluated for PH in the CKD population although there are several strategies which may mitigate the effects of PH including improved volume management, reduction in flow of high-flow arteriovenous fistulas, and potentially kidney transplantation. The role of medications used for pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with CKD is unclear because patients with advanced CKD were excluded from most clinical trials of these therapies. More research is needed including the characterization of longitudinal right ventricular changes in patients with CKD, refinement of the molecular pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of PH, fistula flow rates which put patients at risk for the development of PH, and clinical trials of PH therapies in patients with CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.0000001198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T16:00:30Z","timestamp":1785168030000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pulmonary Hypertension, Right Ventricular Remodeling and Outcomes in CKD"],"prefix":"10.2215","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1246-8879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelle","family":"Tuttle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole F.","family":"Ruopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1860-6302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark J.","family":"Sarnak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"38","key":"B1-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3618","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac237","article-title":"2022 ESC\/ERS guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: developed by the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Endorsed by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) and the European Reference Network on rare respiratory diseases (ERN-LUNG)","volume":"43","author":"Humbert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"issue":"4","key":"B2-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00543-3","article-title":"A global view of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"4","author":"Hoeper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"B3-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401321","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01321-2024","article-title":"Pathophysiology of the right ventricle and its pulmonary vascular interaction","volume":"64","author":"Hemnes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"issue":"12","key":"B4-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2207410","article-title":"Right ventricular failure","volume":"388","author":"Houston","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"B5-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401324","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01324-2024","article-title":"Definition, classification and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"64","author":"Kovacs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"issue":"10","key":"B6-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1253\/circrep.CR-20-0094","article-title":"Optimal cut-off of tricuspid regurgitation velocity according to the new definition of pulmonary hypertension \u2015 its use in predicting pulmonary hypertension","volume":"2","author":"Sumimoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"B7-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.033","article-title":"Echocardiography to screen for pulmonary hypertension in CKD","volume":"5","author":"Edmonston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"B8-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.27","article-title":"High estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes in stage 2-4 chronic kidney disease","volume":"88","author":"Bolignano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"B9-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014111111","article-title":"Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of pulmonary hypertension in CKD","volume":"27","author":"Navaneethan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"2","key":"B10-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1159\/000453047","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension is associated with mortality and cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"45","author":"Reque","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol."},{"issue":"6","key":"B11-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003940","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003940","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension is associated with a higher risk of heart failure hospitalization and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: the Jackson heart Study","volume":"10","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail."},{"issue":"10","key":"B12-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003068","article-title":"Five-year outcomes of pulmonary hypertension with and without elevated left atrial pressure in patients evaluated for kidney transplantation","volume":"104","author":"Caughey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"issue":"2","key":"B15-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12401","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12401","article-title":"Association of mildly elevated pulmonary vascular resistance with major cardiovascular events in pulmonary hypertension and chronic kidney disease: a retrospective cohort analysis","volume":"14","author":"Martinez Manzano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pulm Circ."},{"issue":"4","key":"B17-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35310","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035310","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis and without dialysis: results of the PEPPER-study","volume":"7","author":"Pabst","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"12","key":"B19-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114392","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114392","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension: epidemiology in different CKD stages and its association with cardiovascular morbidity","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"9","key":"B73-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2010.06.026","article-title":"The effect of successful kidney transplantation on ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension","volume":"42","author":"Casas-Aparicio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transpl Proc."},{"issue":"10","key":"B85-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3908","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr661","article-title":"Prevalence, determinants and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension among hemodialysis patients","volume":"27","author":"Agarwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"B13-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-020-00355-0","article-title":"Prevalence and mortality of pulmonary hypertension in ESRD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"198","author":"Schoenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lung."},{"issue":"5","key":"B14-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.08.027","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension subtypes and mortality in CKD","volume":"75","author":"Edmonston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"138","key":"B16-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0062-2015","article-title":"Right heart catheterisation: best practice and pitfalls in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"24","author":"Rosenkranz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"B18-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1177\/2045893217716108","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease: invasive hemodynamic etiology and outcomes","volume":"7","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pulm Circ."},{"issue":"3","key":"B20-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.02.004","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in patients starting peritoneal dialysis","volume":"51","author":"Orihuela","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Med Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"B21-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-022-03431-x","article-title":"Development and validation of a risk nomogram model for predicting pulmonary hypertension in patients with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease","volume":"55","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol."},{"issue":"4","key":"B22-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000938","article-title":"Incident pulmonary hypertension and its risk factors in chronic kidney disease","volume":"21","author":"Tuttle","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"8","key":"B23-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.321752","article-title":"Endothelial cell dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"132","author":"Baaten","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"B24-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000102381.57477.50","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"109","author":"Budhiraja","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"8","key":"B25-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.321760","article-title":"Cardiovascular calcification heterogeneity in chronic kidney disease","volume":"132","author":"Hutcheson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"B26-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00807.x","article-title":"Pulmonary calcification in hemodialysis patients: correlation with pulmonary artery pressure values","volume":"66","author":"Yigla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"B27-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.6.2093","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic renal failure: role of parathyroid hormone and pulmonary artery calcifications","volume":"124","author":"Amin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"12","key":"B28-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1629","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00263.2013","article-title":"Adipokines as a link between obesity and chronic kidney disease","volume":"305","author":"Briffa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"B29-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-8932.93542","article-title":"Obesity and pulmonary arterial hypertension: is adiponectin the molecular link between these conditions?","volume":"1","author":"Summer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pulm Circ."},{"key":"B30-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.06.030","article-title":"Oxylipins are associated with poor right ventricular to pulmonary artery coupling and adverse outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"254","author":"Kloster","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"B31-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1086\/679995","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea: is it clinically significant? A critical analysis of the association and pathophysiology","volume":"5","author":"Kholdani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pulm Circ."},{"issue":"3","key":"B32-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.004","article-title":"Sleep apnea and chronic kidney disease: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"157","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"9","key":"B33-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70132","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.70132","article-title":"A machine learning-based model to estimate the risk of pulmonary hypertension in chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"27","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens."},{"key":"B34-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2024.08.007","article-title":"Association of arteriovenous fistulae with precapillary pulmonary hypertension - a single center retrospective analysis of invasive hemodynamic parameters","volume":"68","author":"Malin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart Lung J Crit Care."},{"issue":"3","key":"B35-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1177\/112972980901000305","article-title":"Effects of the arteriovenous fistula on pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac output in patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"10","author":"Beigi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vasc Access."},{"issue":"1","key":"B36-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001043","article-title":"Evaluation and management of pulmonary hypertension in kidney transplant candidates and recipients: concepts and controversies","volume":"101","author":"Lentine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"issue":"8","key":"B37-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh840","article-title":"The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in haemodialysis patients via arterio-venous access","volume":"20","author":"Nakhoul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"1","key":"B38-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2020.11.010","article-title":"Adaptation and maladaptation of the right ventricle in pulmonary vascular diseases","volume":"42","author":"Lluci\u00e0-Valldeperas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"B39-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035326","article-title":"Right ventricular fibrosis","volume":"139","author":"Andersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"4","key":"B40-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1528","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01031.2005","article-title":"Impaired left ventricular filling due to right-to-left ventricular interaction in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"290","author":"Gan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"B41-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfad096","article-title":"Associations between eGFR and albuminuria with right ventricular measures: the MESA-right ventricle study","volume":"16","author":"Husain-Syed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J."},{"issue":"2","key":"B42-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4103\/jcecho.jcecho_97_24","article-title":"Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular systolic function in patients with chronic renal disease","volume":"35","author":"Abuelfotoh","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Echogr."},{"key":"B43-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2020.04.051","article-title":"Longitudinal changes of left and right cardiac structure and function in patients with end-stage renal disease on replacement therapy","volume":"78","author":"Arcari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"B44-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13183","article-title":"Changes in pulmonary artery systolic pressure and right ventricular function in patients with end-stage renal disease on maintenance dialysis","volume":"24","author":"Santosh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrology."},{"issue":"5","key":"B45-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.02.336","article-title":"Mortality, kidney failure, and hospitalization among medicare beneficiaries with CKD and pulmonary hypertension","volume":"78","author":"Navaneethan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"B46-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-02871-8","article-title":"Higher sclerostin is associated with pulmonary hypertension in pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease patients: a cross-sectional prospective observational cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"B47-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.11.018","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension, mortality, and cardiovascular disease in CKD and ESRD patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"B49-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.10.043","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension care center network: improving care and outcomes in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"151","author":"Sahay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"1","key":"B50-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(97)70105-4","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of epoprostenol therapy for severe congestive heart failure: the Flolan International randomized Survival Trial (FIRST)","volume":"134","author":"Califf","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am Heart J."},{"issue":"5","key":"B51-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2017.02.021","article-title":"Long-term effect of endothelin receptor antagonism with bosentan on the morbidity and mortality of patients with severe chronic heart failure: primary results of the ENABLE trials","volume":"5","author":"Packer","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"issue":"12","key":"B52-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.2024","article-title":"Effect of Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition on exercise capacity and clinical status in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"309","author":"Redfield","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jama."},{"issue":"4","key":"B53-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401325","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01325-2024","article-title":"Treatment algorithm for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"64","author":"Chin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"issue":"2","key":"B54-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199207093270203","article-title":"The effect of high doses of calcium-channel blockers on survival in primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"327","author":"Rich","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"23","key":"B55-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.488486","article-title":"Long-term response to calcium channel blockers in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"111","author":"Sitbon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"2","key":"B56-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.02.004","article-title":"Predicting survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: the REVEAL risk score calculator 2.0 and comparison with ESC\/ERS-Based risk assessment strategies","volume":"156","author":"Benza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"1","key":"B57-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102311","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02311-2021","article-title":"Compera 2.0: a refined four-stratum risk assessment model for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"60","author":"Hoeper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"issue":"4","key":"B58-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401344","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01344-2024","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease","volume":"64","author":"Maron","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"issue":"9","key":"B59-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.052792","article-title":"Evidence-based medical therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and chronic kidney disease","volume":"145","author":"Beldhuis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"2","key":"B60-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2024.151516","article-title":"Epidemiology and management of patients with kidney disease and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"44","author":"Tuttle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol."},{"issue":"4","key":"B61-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401200","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01200-2024","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension associated with lung diseases","volume":"64","author":"Shlobin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"issue":"1","key":"B62-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00348","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00348-2021","article-title":"Treatment of pulmonary hypertension associated with COPD: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Arif","year":"2022","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"B63-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401294","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01294-2024","article-title":"Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease","volume":"64","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"issue":"12","key":"B64-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvx148","article-title":"Treatment strategies for the right heart in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"113","author":"Westerhof","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"B65-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.208.3.9722842","article-title":"Hemodialysis access graft stenosis: US detection","volume":"208","author":"Robbin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"issue":"1","key":"B66-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm549","article-title":"The relationship between the flow of arteriovenous fistula and cardiac output in haemodialysis patients","volume":"23","author":"Basile","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"7","key":"B67-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000692021","article-title":"Long-term impact of arteriovenous fistula ligation on cardiac structure and function in kidney transplant recipients: a 5-year follow-up observational cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Salehi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney360."},{"issue":"4S1 suppl 1","key":"B68-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003136","article-title":"KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline on the evaluation and management of candidates for kidney transplantation","volume":"104","author":"Chadban","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"issue":"10","key":"B69-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318188d640","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension is associated with reduced patient survival after kidney transplantation","volume":"86","author":"Issa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"issue":"3","key":"B70-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003783","article-title":"Incidence, clinical correlates, and outcomes of pulmonary hypertension after kidney transplantation: analysis of linked US registry and medicare billing claims","volume":"106","author":"Lentine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"issue":"1","key":"B71-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12010","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12010","article-title":"Effect of pulmonary hypertension on 5\u2010year outcome of kidney transplantation","volume":"12","author":"Rabih","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pulm Circ."},{"issue":"5","key":"B72-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1577","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in patients with end-stage renal disease","volume":"123","author":"Yigla","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"5","key":"B74-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.05.024","article-title":"Longitudinal pulmonary arterial pressure trajectories and clinical outcome in kidney transplantation patients","volume":"168","author":"Zeder","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"8","key":"B75-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e738","DOI":"10.1097\/TXD.0000000000001191","article-title":"Kidney transplantation confers survival benefit for candidates with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"7","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transpl Direct."},{"issue":"25","key":"B76-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038505","article-title":"Effects of arteriovenous fistula ligation on cardiac structure and function in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"139","author":"Rao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"21","key":"B77-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e806","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043153","article-title":"Response by Rao et al to letter regarding article, \u201ceffects of arteriovenous fistula ligation on cardiac structure and function in kidney transplant recipients.\u201d","volume":"140","author":"Rao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"2","key":"B78-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12616","article-title":"Sildenafil improves renal function in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"80","author":"Webb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol."},{"issue":"10184","key":"B79-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30772-X","article-title":"Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"393","author":"Heerspink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"10417","key":"B80-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02302-4","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of sparsentan versus irbesartan in patients with IgA nephropathy (PROTECT): 2-year results from a randomised, active-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"402","author":"Rovin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"26","key":"B81-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2308550","article-title":"Sparsentan versus Irbesartan in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"389","author":"Rheault","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"10416","key":"B82-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02230-4","article-title":"Zibotentan in combination with dapagliflozin compared with dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease (ZENITH-CKD): a multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, phase 2b, clinical trial","volume":"402","author":"Heerspink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"16","key":"B83-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2213558","article-title":"Phase 3 trial of sotatercept for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"388","author":"Hoeper","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"B84-20260905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2019.08.001","article-title":"Sotatercept safety and effects on hemoglobin, bone, and vascular calcification","volume":"4","author":"Coyne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep."}],"container-title":["Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2215\/CJN.0000001198","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T16:00:18Z","timestamp":1788624018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2215\/CJN.0000001198"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"references-count":84,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/cjn.0000001198","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-9041","1555-905X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-9041","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-905X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]}}}