{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:47:12Z","timestamp":1791362832202,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CJASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"\n Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n Therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid can improve clinical outcome in organ transplantation and lupus, but data are scarce in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. The aim of our study was to investigate whether mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics are associated with disease control in children receiving mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of steroid\u2013dependent nephrotic syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, setting, participants, & measurements<\/jats:title>\n This was a retrospective multicenter study including 95 children with steroid\u2013dependent nephrotic syndrome treated with mycophenolate mofetil with or without steroids. Area under the concentration-time curve of mycophenolic acid was determined in all children on the basis of sampling times at 20, 60, and 180 minutes postdose, using Bayesian estimation. The association between a threshold value of the area under the concentration-time curve of mycophenolic acid and the relapse rate was assessed using a negative binomial model.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In total, 140 areas under the concentration-time curve of mycophenolic acid were analyzed. The findings indicate individual dose adaptation in 53 patients (38%) to achieve an area under the concentration-time curve target of 30\u201360 mg\u00b7h\/L. In a multivariable negative binomial model including sex, age at disease onset, time to start of mycophenolate mofetil, previous immunomodulatory treatment, and concomitant prednisone dose, a level of area under the concentration-time curve of mycophenolic acid >45 mg\u00b7h\/L was significantly associated with a lower relapse rate (rate ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 0.89;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.01).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Therapeutic drug monitoring leading to individualized dosing may improve the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in steroid\u2013dependent nephrotic syndrome. Additional prospective studies are warranted to determine the optimal target for area under the concentration-time curve of mycophenolic acid in this population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.00320116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T21:53:53Z","timestamp":1469138033000},"page":"1777-1782","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Mycophenolic Acid Pharmacokinetics and Relapse in Children with Steroid\u2013Dependent Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Tellier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Centre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Maladies R\u00e9nales Rares du Sud Ouest and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aymeric","family":"Dallocchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Centre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Maladies R\u00e9nales Rares du Sud Ouest and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Guigonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Centre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Maladies R\u00e9nales Rares du Sud Ouest and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Saint-Marcoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Llanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Centre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Maladies R\u00e9nales Rares du Sud Ouest et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1401, INSERM, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Ichay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Centre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Maladies R\u00e9nales Rares du Sud Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Bandin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Centre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Maladies R\u00e9nales Rares du Sud Ouest and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Godron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Centre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Maladies R\u00e9nales Rares du Sud Ouest et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1401, INSERM, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Centre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Maladies R\u00e9nales Rares du Sud Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Brochard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Centre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Maladies R\u00e9nales Rares du Sud Ouest and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peggy","family":"Gandia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Bouchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Marquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Decramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Centre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Maladies R\u00e9nales Rares du Sud Ouest and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Harambat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Centre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Maladies R\u00e9nales Rares du Sud Ouest et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1401, INSERM, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20230813","first-page":"1326","article-title":"Cyclosporin versus cyclophosphamide for patients with steroid-dependent and frequently relapsing idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: A multicentre randomized controlled 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posttransplant.","volume":"30","author":"Weber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"B14-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01983.x","article-title":"Individualized mycophenolate mofetil dosing based on drug exposure significantly improves patient outcomes after renal transplantation.","volume":"7","author":"Le Meur","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B15-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2011.01.009","article-title":"Development of a Bayesian estimator for the therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolate mofetil in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.","volume":"63","author":"Saint-Marcoux","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"B16-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nephro.2005.06.003","article-title":"[Corticosensitive nephrotic syndrome (or nephrosis) in children. 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