{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T14:46:45Z","timestamp":1786373205356,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DK098245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DK098245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U34DK091958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U34DK091958"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000041","name":"American Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1-14-D2d-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-14-D2d-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000063","name":"Office of Dietary Supplements","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DK098245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DK098245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CJASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration has been associated with higher levels of proteinuria and lower levels of eGFR in observational studies. In the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) study, we investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on kidney outcomes in a population with prediabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overweight\/obese adults with high risk for type 2 diabetes (defined by meeting two of three glycemic criteria for prediabetes) were randomized to vitamin D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      4000 IU per day versus placebo. Median duration of treatment was 2.9 years (interquartile range 2.0\u20133.5 years). Kidney outcomes included (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) worsening in Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO ) risk score (low, moderate, high, very high) on two consecutive follow-up visits after the baseline visit and (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) mean changes in eGFR and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 2166 participants (mean age 60 years, body mass index 32 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , serum 25(OH)D 28 ng\/ml, eGFR 87 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , UACR 11 mg\/g, 79% with hypertension), 10% had moderate, high, or very high KDIGO risk score. Over a median follow-up of 2.9 years, there were 28 cases of KDIGO worsening in the vitamin D group and 30 in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.52 to 1.52]). Mean difference in eGFR from baseline was \u22121.0 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (95% CI, \u22121.3 to \u22120.7) in the vitamin D group and \u22120.1 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (95% CI, \u22120.4 to 0.2) in the placebo group; between-group difference was \u22121.0 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (95% CI, \u22121.4 to \u22120.6). Mean difference in UACR was 2.7 mg\/g (95% CI, 1.2 to 4.3) in the vitamin D group and 2.0 (95% CI, 0.5 to 3.6) in the placebo group; between-group difference was 0.7 mg\/g (95% CI, \u22121.5 to 2.9).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among persons with prediabetes, who were not preselected on the basis of serum 25(OH)D concentration, vitamin D supplementation did not affect progression of KDIGO risk scores and did not have a meaningful effect on change in UACR or eGFR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.00420121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T15:25:12Z","timestamp":1628263512000},"page":"1201-1209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Kidney Function in Adults with Prediabetes"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sun H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irwin G.","family":"Brodsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Maine Medical Center, and Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranee","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta R.","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Knowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Northwell Health Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Pratley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Rasouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado, School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen M.","family":"Vickery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Sarnak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastassios G.","family":"Pittas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"D2d Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"B1-20241015","first-page":"S14","article-title":"2. 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