{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T14:43:00Z","timestamp":1786372980229,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CJASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peritonitis before peritoneal dialysis (PD) training (pretraining peritonitis [PTP]) is an uncommon event. The study aim was to examine the causative organisms, clinical outcomes, risk factors, and long-term consequences of PTP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single\u2013center, retrospective, observational study involving all incident patients on PD who developed PTP between 1998 and 2012, we examined the causative organisms, primary response rate, complete cure rate, risk factors, and associations of PTP with peritoneal equilibration test (PET) and patient survival. For each patient in the PTP group, the patients who underwent catheter insertion immediately before and after the index case were identified as controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 1252 incident patients on PD, 52 (4.2%) patients developed PTP, and 104 patients were identified as controls. The two groups were similar in age, sex distribution, comorbidities, and residual renal function, but the PTP group had significantly lower hemoglobin and serum albumin. Patients were followed up for a median of 37.5 months (interquartile range [IQR], 16.3\u201362.2 months). The most common causative organisms of PTP were\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (30.8%) and polymicrobial (21.2%); 25% had negative growth. The primary response and complete cure rates were 82.7% and 78.8%, respectively. In the PTP group, 7.7% of patients died, 9.6% of patients required catheter removal, and PD training was significantly delayed (median =42.0; IQR, 26.0\u201365.8 days versus 27.5; IQR, 23.0\u201335.0 days;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum albumin was the only predictor of PTP (adjusted odds ratio, 0.89 per 1-g\/dl increase; 95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 0.97). There were no differences in PET results and dialysis adequacy (measured around 1 month after PD training). The PTP group had significantly worse patient survival (median =41.2; IQR, 21.8\u201360.5 months versus 55.8; IQR, 40.4\u201371.2 months;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.02). Technique failure occurred in 11.5% and 10.6% of patients in the PTP and control groups, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      is the most common causative organism of PTP. Nutritional interventions in patients who are hypoalbuminemic before catheter insertion deserve additional study.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.00830116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T23:04:17Z","timestamp":1465254257000},"page":"1219-1226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Peritonitis before Peritoneal Dialysis Training: Analysis of Causative Organisms, Clinical Outcomes, Risk Factors, and Long-Term Consequences"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Terry King-Wing","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai Ming","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie Ching-Ha","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing Fai","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Bon","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip Kam-Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheuk Chun","family":"Szeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20230816","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.03.038","article-title":"Peritoneal dialysis-first policy made successful: Perspectives and actions.","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B2-20230816","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2011.00057","article-title":"ISPD position statement on reducing the risks of peritoneal dialysis-related infections.","volume":"31","author":"Piraino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"B3-20230816","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2010.00049","article-title":"Peritoneal dialysis-related infections recommendations: 2010 update.","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"B4-20230816","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.194","article-title":"Infectious complications in dialysis\u2014Epidemiology and outcomes.","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B5-20230816","first-page":"46","article-title":"Outcome of patients who develop early-onset peritonitis.","volume":"22","author":"Harel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Perit Dial"},{"key":"B6-20230816","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2013.00024","article-title":"The negative impact of early peritonitis on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.","volume":"34","author":"Hsieh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"B7-20230816","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1159\/000368505","article-title":"Early peritonitis is an independent risk factor for mortality in elderly peritoneal dialysis patients.","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"key":"B8-20230816","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V75745","article-title":"Measurement of residual renal function in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.","volume":"7","author":"van Olden","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B9-20230816","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1177\/089686089801800502","article-title":"Calculation of the protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance from urea appearance. 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