{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:15:21Z","timestamp":1790691321028,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n An intact endothelium is essential for adaptations between arterial vasomotor tone and shear stress (SS),\n i.e.<\/jats:italic>\n , flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). Endothelial dysfunction occurs in hypertension, cardiac insufficiency, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, whose renal failure is associated with many of those cardiovascular diseases (CVD).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, setting, participants, & measurements<\/jats:title>\n \n Using a progressive hand-warming protocol and repeated measures ANOVA, we analyzed SS-mediated increase of brachial artery diameter (\u0394BA) in 22 healthy controls, 18 CVD-negative ESRD patients (ESRD-CVD\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n ), and 17 CVD-positive ESRD patients (ESRD-CVD\n +<\/jats:sup>\n ) to analyze the role of uremia\n versus<\/jats:italic>\n CVD on FMD.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Hand-warming increased SS (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and \u0394BA (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Negative interactions were observed between \u0394BA and ESRD (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), and between \u0394BA and CVD\n +<\/jats:bold>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.02), but there was no interaction between ESRD and CVD\n +<\/jats:sup>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.69). For low and mild SS increases, ESRD-CVD\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n patients were characterized by similar \u0394BA as controls, but it was lower than controls at higher SS (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01). In ESRD-CVD\n +<\/jats:sup>\n patients, brachial artery diameter did not respond to mild and moderate SS increases, and showed \u201cparadoxical\u201d vasoconstriction at higher SS (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). In ESRD, a positive and independent interaction was observed between \u0394BA and 25(OH) vitamin D\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n insufficiency (\u226415 \u03bcg\/L;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.02).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n These observations indicate that, independently of each other, ESRD and CVD\n +<\/jats:sup>\n history are associated with endothelial dysfunction. They also suggest the importance of considering the relationships between SS and endothelial function in different clinical conditions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.01260211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,22]],"date-time":"2011-07-22T21:42:28Z","timestamp":1311370948000},"page":"2009-2015","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Flow-Mediated Vasodilation in End-Stage Renal Disease"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Francis H.","family":"Verbeke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Pannier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain 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