{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T13:32:32Z","timestamp":1789824752660,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CJASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prior studies suggested that women with CKD have higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality than men, although putative mechanisms for this higher risk have not been identified. We assessed sex differences in (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) CVD risk factors and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) the relationship of left ventricular mass (LVM) with different measures of body size in children with CKD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, setting, participants, and measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study population comprised 681 children with CKD from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children cohort, contributing 1330 visits. CVD risk factors were compared cross-sectionally by sex. LVH was defined as LVM\/height\n                      <jats:sup>2.7<\/jats:sup>\n                      &gt;95th percentile and LVM relative to estimated lean body mass (eLBM) &gt;95th percentile for age and sex. Differences in LVM by sex were assessed by adjusting for age, weight, height, and eLBM using bivariate and multivariate regression models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Girls were less likely to have uncontrolled hypertension (26% versus 38%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.001), had lower diastolic BP z-scores (+0.3 versus +0.6,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.001), and had lower prevalence of high triglycerides (38% versus 47%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.03) compared with boys. When LVH was defined by LVM indexed to height, girls had higher prevalence of LVH (16% versus 9%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.01); when LVH was defined by LVM relative to eLBM, prevalence of LVH was similar between girls and boys (18% versus 17%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.92). In regression models adjusting for eLBM, no sex differences in LVM were observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite lack of increased prevalence of CVD risk factors, indexing LVM to height showed a higher proportion of LVH among girls, while estimates of LVH based on eLBM showed no sex differences. Indexing LVM to eLBM may be an alternative to height indexing in children with CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.01270216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T22:18:40Z","timestamp":1473891520000},"page":"1962-1968","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Girls and Boys With CKD"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Ruebner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Mitsnefes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethany J.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children\u2019s Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Meyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Warady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Furth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, and"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031643","article-title":"Long-term survival of children with end-stage renal disease.","volume":"350","author":"McDonald","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.125910","article-title":"Cardiovascular mortality in children and young adults with end-stage kidney disease.","volume":"141","author":"Parekh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B3-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03691.x","article-title":"Change in mortality risk over 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