{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T14:58:59Z","timestamp":1788447539926,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CJASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"\n Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n High circulating vitamin D levels are associated with lower cardiovascular mortality in CKD, possibly by modifying endothelial function. We examined the effect of calcitriol versus cholecalciferol supplementation on vascular endothelial function in patients with CKD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, setting, participants, & measurements<\/jats:title>\n \n We performed a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of 128 adult patients with eGFR=15\u201344 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level <30 ng\/ml at the University of Colorado. Participants were randomly assigned to oral cholecalciferol (2000 IU daily) or calcitriol (0.5\n \u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n g) daily for 6 months. The primary end point was change in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation. Secondary end points included changes in circulating markers of mineral metabolism and circulating and cellular markers of inflammation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n One hundred and fifteen patients completed the study. The mean (SD) age and eGFR of participants were 58\u00b112 years old and 33.0\u00b110.2 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , respectively. There were no significant differences between groups at baseline. After 6 months, neither calcitriol nor cholecalciferol treatment resulted in a significant improvement in flow-mediated dilation (mean\u00b1SD percentage flow-mediated dilation; calcitriol: baseline 4.8\u00b13.1%, end of study 5.1\u00b13.6%; cholecalciferol: baseline 5.2\u00b15.2%, end of study 4.7\u00b13.6%); 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels increased significantly in the cholecalciferol group compared with the calcitriol group (cholecalciferol: 11.0\u00b19.5 ng\/ml; calcitriol: \u22120.8\u00b14.8 ng\/ml;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.001). Parathyroid hormone levels decreased significantly in the calcitriol group compared with the cholecalciferol group (median [interquartile range]; calcitriol: \u221222.1 [\u221248.7\u20133.5] pg\/ml; cholecalciferol: \u22120.3 [\u221222.6\u201316.9] pg\/ml;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.004).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Six months of therapy with calcitriol or cholecalciferol did not improve vascular endothelial function or improve inflammation in patients with CKD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.01870217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]],"date-time":"2017-08-07T20:20:22Z","timestamp":1502137222000},"page":"1438-1446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Cholecalciferol, Calcitriol, and Vascular Function in CKD: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"12","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01384539","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Kendrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Diseases and Hypertension and"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Diseases and Hypertension and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiying","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Diseases and Hypertension and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerrie","family":"Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen L.","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Diseases and Hypertension and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Farmer-Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Diseases and Hypertension and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas R.","family":"Seals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Chonchol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Diseases and Hypertension and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002451","article-title":"Vitamin D levels and early mortality among incident 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supplementation improves cytokine profiles in patients with congestive heart failure: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"83","author":"Schleithoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B9-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.16.1730","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"167","author":"Autier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"B10-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004070573","article-title":"Activated injectable vitamin D and hemodialysis survival: A historical cohort study.","volume":"16","author":"Teng","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B11-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007111164","article-title":"Association of oral calcitriol with improved survival in 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Firbolast growth factor 23 and Inflammation in CKD.","volume":"7","author":"Munoz Mendoza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B36-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr668","article-title":"Changes in fibroblast growth factor 23 during treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism with alfacalcidol or paricalcitol.","volume":"27","author":"Hansen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"B37-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91363","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091363","article-title":"Impact of vitamin D supplementation on arterial vasomotion, stiffness and endothelial biomarkers in chronic kidney disease patients.","volume":"9","author":"Chitalia","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B38-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.040642","article-title":"High-dose cholecalciferol reduces parathyroid hormone in patients with early chronic kidney disease: A pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"96","author":"Alvarez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B39-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1159\/000354717","article-title":"Influence of cholecalciferol supplementation in hemodialysis patients on monocyte subsets: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.","volume":"123","author":"Seibert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"B40-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.04.015","article-title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels and albuminuria in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).","volume":"50","author":"de Boer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B41-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.501","article-title":"Vitamin D levels and patient outcome in chronic kidney disease.","volume":"75","author":"Ravani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B42-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00755.x","article-title":"Antiproteinuric effect of oral paricalcitol in chronic kidney disease.","volume":"68","author":"Agarwal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B43-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.113159","article-title":"Paricalcitol reduces albuminuria and inflammation in chronic kidney disease: A randomized double-blind pilot trial.","volume":"52","author":"Alborzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B44-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.04.036","article-title":"Oral paricalcitol in the treatment of patients with CKD and proteinuria: A randomized trial.","volume":"54","author":"Fishbane","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B45-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61032-X","article-title":"Selective vitamin D receptor activation with paricalcitol for reduction of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes (VITAL study): A randomised controlled trial.","volume":"376","author":"de Zeeuw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B46-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3318","article-title":"Vitamin D, disease and therapeutic opportunities.","volume":"9","author":"Plum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"}],"container-title":["Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01277230-201709000-00010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T13:37:04Z","timestamp":1786369024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01277230-201709000-00010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/cjn.01870217","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-9041","1555-905X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-9041","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-905X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]]}}}