{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:11:50Z","timestamp":1790835110504,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CJASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"\n Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n Elevated levels of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase\u2013associated lipocalin are associated with negative outcomes in CKD. Our study aimed to explore the prognostic accuracy of blood levels of kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase\u2013associated lipocalin for progression to ESRD, major adverse cardiovascular events, and death in a large cohort of adult patients with all\u2013cause nondialysis\u2013dependent CKD stages 3\u20135. We considered whether these factors improve prediction in relation to traditional biomarkers and clinical parameters.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, setting, participants, & measurements<\/jats:title>\n Kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase\u2013associated lipocalin were measured on baseline plasma samples from 1982 patients who were recruited to the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Standards Implementation Study between the start of June of 2002 and the start of June of 2013. Associations with study end points were assessed using Cox regression models, receiver operator characteristic curve analyses, and reclassification statistics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Over a median follow-up of 29.5 months (interquartile range, 14.9\u201353.5), 21.6% of patients progressed to ESRD, 27% died, and 6.6% suffered a major adverse cardiovascular event. Higher blood levels of kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase\u2013associated lipocalin were independently associated with a greater risk for ESRD (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.43;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.001 and hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.14 to 1.59;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u22640.001, respectively, per 1 SD higher biomarker concentration). There was no association with risk for cardiovascular events or death. The addition of biomarkers to our baseline risk model of traditional clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters did not significantly improve model discrimination or risk reclassification.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In patients with moderate to severe CKD, kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase\u2013associated lipocalin blood levels are independent risk factors for progression to ESRD. Additional studies are needed to establish the utility and cost-effectiveness of these novel biomarkers in the clinical setting.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.02670316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T22:40:25Z","timestamp":1479336025000},"page":"2141-2149","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The Associations of Blood Kidney Injury Molecule-1 and Neutrophil Gelatinase\u2013Associated Lipocalin with Progression from CKD to ESRD"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Helen V.","family":"Alderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Pagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel J.","family":"Middleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menno","family":"Pruijm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Vuilleumier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip A.","family":"Kalra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041031","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and 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