{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T22:59:16Z","timestamp":1791068356530,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a cytokine that regulates bone resorption, has been implicated in the process of vascular calcification and stiffness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum OPG was measured in 351 participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) from one site of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. Cortical bone mineral content (BMC) was measured by quantitative computed tomography in the tibia. Multivariable linear regression was used to test the association between serum OPG and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, measures of abnormal bone and mineral metabolism, and pulse wave velocity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Higher serum OPG levels were associated with older age, female gender, greater systolic BP, lower estimated GFR, and lower serum albumin. OPG was not associated with measures of abnormal bone or mineral metabolism including serum phosphorus, albumin-corrected serum calcium, intact parathyroid hormone, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, or cortical BMC. Among 226 participants with concurrent aortic pulse wave velocity measurements, increasing tertiles of serum OPG were associated with higher aortic pulse wave velocity after adjustment for demographics, traditional vascular risk factors, and nontraditional risk factors such as estimated GFR, albuminuria, serum phosphate, corrected serum calcium, presence of secondary hyperparathyroidism, serum albumin, and C-reactive protein or after additional adjustment for cortical BMC in a subset (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 161).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data support a strong relationship between serum OPG and arterial stiffness independent of many potential confounders including traditional cardiovascular risk factors, abnormal bone and mineral metabolism, and inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.03910411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,22]],"date-time":"2011-09-22T21:34:23Z","timestamp":1316727263000},"page":"2612-2619","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Correlates of Osteoprotegerin and Association with Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Julia J.","family":"Scialla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary B.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond R.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Appel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myles","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt J.","family":"Budoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Lustigova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal A.","family":"Gadegbeku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Glenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asaf","family":"Hanish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia E.","family":"Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Seliger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rulan S.","family":"Parekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80209-3","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin: A novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density","volume":"89","author":"Simonet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R2-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000149165.99974.12","article-title":"Regulation of vascular calcification by osteoclast regulatory factors RANKL and osteoprotegerin","volume":"95","author":"Collin-Osdoby","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"R3-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81569-X","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation","volume":"93","author":"Lacey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R4-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.707380","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin inhibits vascular calcification without affecting atherosclerosis in ldlr(\/) Mice","volume":"117","author":"Morony","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R5-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-01-068395","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin increases leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells both in vitro and in vivo","volume":"110","author":"Zauli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R6-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.9.1260","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin-deficient mice develop early onset osteoporosis and arterial calcification","volume":"12","author":"Bucay","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Development"},{"key":"R7-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.4.463","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin reverses osteoporosis by inhibiting endosteal osteoclasts and prevents vascular calcification by blocking a process resembling osteoclastogenesis","volume":"192","author":"Min","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R8-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.12.005","article-title":"Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease","volume":"43","author":"Goodman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R9-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S127","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04331206","article-title":"Improving global outcomes in mineral and bone disorders","volume":"3","author":"Moe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R10-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00820.x","article-title":"Uremia induces the osteoblast differentiation factor Cbfa1 in human blood vessels","volume":"63","author":"Moe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R11-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01108-1","article-title":"Pulse pressure\u2013a review of mechanisms and clinical relevance","volume":"37","author":"Dart","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R12-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000159190.71253.c3","article-title":"Stiffness of capacitive and conduit arteries: Prognostic significance for end-stage renal disease patients","volume":"45","author":"Pannier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R13-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.38.3.434","article-title":"Arterial wave reflections and survival in end-stage renal failure","volume":"38","author":"London","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R14-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.12.054","article-title":"The relationship between plasma osteoprotegerin levels and coronary artery calcification in uncomplicated type 2 diabetic subjects","volume":"47","author":"Anand","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R15-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03833.x","article-title":"Serum osteoprotegerin levels and long-term prognosis in subjects with stable coronary artery disease","volume":"8","author":"Jono","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thrombosis Haemostasis"},{"key":"R16-11-20230811","first-page":"631","article-title":"Associations of serum osteoprotegerin levels with diabetes, stroke, bone density, fractures, and mortality in elderly women","volume":"86","author":"Browner","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R17-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000127957.43874.BB","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin is a risk factor for progressive atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease","volume":"109","author":"Kiechl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R18-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.08.064","article-title":"Relation of osteoprotegerin to coronary calcium and aortic plaque (from the Dallas Heart Study)","volume":"99","author":"Abedin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R19-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.087742","article-title":"Plasma osteoprotegerin levels in the general population: Relation to indices of left ventricular structure and function","volume":"49","author":"Omland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R20-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.184101","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-{kappa}B ligand and risk for coronary events: A nested case-control approach in the prospective EPIC-Norfolk Population Study 1993\u20132003","volume":"29","author":"Semb","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"R21-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1377-0","article-title":"Plasma osteoprotegerin, arterial stiffness, and mortality in normoalbuminemic Japanese hemodialysis patients","volume":"22","author":"Nakashima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"R22-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005030260","article-title":"Plasma osteoprotegerin is associated with mortality in hemodialysis patients","volume":"17","author":"Morena","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R23-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3157","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp253","article-title":"Elevated osteoprotegerin is associated with all-cause mortality in CKD stage 4 and 5 patients in addition to vascular calcification","volume":"24","author":"Sigrist","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R24-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S148","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000070149.78399.CE","article-title":"The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study: Design and methods","volume":"14","author":"Feldman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R25-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2009.240","article-title":"Aortic PWV in chronic kidney disease: A CRIC ancillary study","volume":"23","author":"Townsend","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"R26-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(03)00905-3","article-title":"Bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease","volume":"42","author":"Eknoyan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R27-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-4-200608150-00004","article-title":"Using standardized serum creatinine values in the modification of diet in renal disease study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate","volume":"145","author":"Levey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R28-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.18.2434","article-title":"Impact of aortic stiffness on survival in end-stage renal disease","volume":"99","author":"Blacher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R29-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.264","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and bone fracture: A growing concern","volume":"74","author":"Nickolas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R30-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060105","article-title":"Cortical PQCT measures are associated with fractures in dialysis patients","volume":"21","author":"Jamal","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Mineral Res"},{"key":"R31-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.199661","article-title":"Biomarkers of the osteoprotegerin pathway: Clinical correlates, subclinical disease, incident cardiovascular disease, and mortality","volume":"30","author":"Lieb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"R32-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2010.38","article-title":"Association of osteoprotegerin with aortic stiffness in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease and in healthy subjects","volume":"23","author":"Zagura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"R33-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080957","article-title":"Inhibition of receptor activator of NF-{kappa}B ligand by denosumab attenuates vascular calcium deposition in mice","volume":"175","author":"Helas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R34-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1161\/hq1001.097102","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin inhibits artery calcification induced by warfarin and by vitamin D","volume":"21","author":"Price","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"R35-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.189001","article-title":"RANKL increases vascular smooth muscle cell calcification through a RANK-BMP4-dependent pathway","volume":"104","author":"Panizo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"R36-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31601","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M706078200","article-title":"Investigating the interaction between osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of NF-kappa B or tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand","volume":"282","author":"Vitovski","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R37-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.783738","article-title":"Dialysis accelerates medial vascular calcification in part by triggering smooth muscle cell apoptosis","volume":"118","author":"Shroff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R38-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-005-0668-6","article-title":"Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease","volume":"24","author":"Jono","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Mineral Metab"},{"key":"R39-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.105668","article-title":"Relations of inflammatory biomarkers and common genetic variants with arterial stiffness and wave reflection","volume":"51","author":"Schnabel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R40-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-008-9153-2","article-title":"Relationship of calcification of atherosclerotic plaque and arterial stiffness to bone mineral density and osteoprotegerin in postmenopausal women referred for osteoporosis screening","volume":"83","author":"Frost","year":"2008","journal-title":"Calcified Tissue Int"},{"key":"R41-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3263","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn226","article-title":"The circulating calcification inhibitors, fetuin-A and osteoprotegerin, but not Matrix Gla protein, are associated with vascular stiffness and calcification in children on dialysis","volume":"23","author":"Shroff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R42-11-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3256","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn242","article-title":"Serum osteoprotegerin level, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and cardiovascular survival in haemodialysis patients","volume":"23","author":"Speer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"}],"container-title":["Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01277230-201111000-00011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T13:41:22Z","timestamp":1786369282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01277230-201111000-00011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/cjn.03910411","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-9041"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-9041","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}}}