{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:13:31Z","timestamp":1791220411973,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most deaths in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are attributable to cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined novel CVD biomarkers in different stages of ADPKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We recruited 50 hypertensive subjects with ADPKD with estimated GFR (eGFR) of &gt;60 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; 52 hypertensive subjects with ADPKD with eGFR of 25 to 60 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; 42 normotensive subjects with ADPKD and eGFR of &gt;60 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; and 50 healthy controls. We assayed serum C-reactive protein and IL-6 as markers of inflammation; plasma 8-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">epi<\/jats:italic>\n                      -prostaglandin\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>2\u03b1 (8-epi-PGF2\u03b1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as markers of oxidative stress; and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) as a measure of insulin resistance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The hypertensive ADPKD eGFR of 25 to 60 group had higher levels of C-reactive protein and IL-6 than controls, normotensive ADPKD with eGFR of &gt;60, and hypertensive ADPKD with eGFR of &gt;60. The normotensive ADPKD eGFR &gt;60, hypertensive ADPKD eGFR &gt;60, and hypertensive ADPKD eGFR 25 to 60 groups had higher 8-epi-PGF\n                      <jats:sub>2\u03b1<\/jats:sub>\n                      and lower SOD than controls, with no difference between the ADPKD groups. There was no difference in HOMA levels between any of the groups. Adjustment for age, race, gender, and body mass index did not alter these relationships.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inflammation and oxidative stress are evident early in ADPKD even with preserved kidney function. Inflammation exhibits a graded relationship with levels of kidney function, whereas oxidative stress demonstrates a threshold effect. These pathways may be therapeutic targets for CVD risk mitigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.04140510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,10]],"date-time":"2010-09-10T00:40:00Z","timestamp":1284079200000},"page":"7-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Vandana","family":"Menon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darya","family":"Rudym","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Miskulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Sarnak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.27720","article-title":"Survival after end-stage renal disease in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Contribution of extrarenal complications to mortality","volume":"38","author":"Perrone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R2-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V5122048","article-title":"Causes of death in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease","volume":"5","author":"Fick","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R3-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60601-1","article-title":"Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease","volume":"369","author":"Torres","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"R4-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1990.330","article-title":"Renal structure and hypertension in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease","volume":"38","author":"Gabow","year":"1990","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R5-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1159\/000188846","article-title":"Influence of hypertension on early renal insufficiency in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease","volume":"72","author":"Gonzalo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"R6-4-20230811","first-page":"211","article-title":"Cardiac involvement in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease: A hypertensive heart disease","volume":"56","author":"Bardaji","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"R7-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00065.x","article-title":"Increased renal expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and osteopontin in ADPKD in rats","volume":"60","author":"Cowley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R8-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V134991","article-title":"Oxidant stress and reduced antioxidant enzyme protection in polycystic kidney disease","volume":"13","author":"Maser","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R9-4-20230811","first-page":"619","article-title":"Cytokine profile in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease","volume":"41","author":"Merta","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem Mol Biol Int"},{"key":"R10-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.360","article-title":"Insulin resistance in adult polycystic kidney disease","volume":"52","author":"Vareesangthip","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R11-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00898.x","article-title":"Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are already present in patients with incipient renal disease","volume":"53","author":"Fliser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R12-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04310709","article-title":"The HALT polycystic kidney disease trials: Design and implementation","volume":"5","author":"Chapman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R13-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002","article-title":"A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: A new prediction equation. 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