{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:55:03Z","timestamp":1789624503323,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DK123384-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK123384-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK125084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK125084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK126373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK126373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CJASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Treatment of patients with diabetes and CKD includes optimizing glycemic control using lifestyle modifications and drugs that safely control glycemia and improve clinical kidney and cardiovascular disease outcomes. However, patients with advanced CKD, defined as eGFR &lt;30 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    or kidney disease treated with dialysis, have limitations to the use of some preferred glucose-lowering medications, are often treated with insulin, and experience high rates of severe hypoglycemia. Moreover, hemoglobin A1c accuracy decreases as GFR deteriorates. Hence, there is a need for better glycemic monitoring tools. Continuous glucose monitoring allows for 24-hour glycemic monitoring to understand patterns and the effects of lifestyle and medications. Real-time continuous glucose monitoring can be used to guide the administration of insulin and noninsulin therapies. Continuous glucose monitoring can overcome the limitations of self-monitored capillary glucose testing and hemoglobin A1c and has been shown to prevent hypoglycemic excursions in some populations. More data are needed to understand whether similar benefits can be obtained for patients with diabetes and advanced CKD. This review provides an updated approach to management of glycemia in advanced CKD, focusing on the role of continuous glucose monitoring in this high-risk population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.04510422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T15:10:11Z","timestamp":1661958611000},"page":"130-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Optimize Management of Diabetes in Patients with Advanced CKD"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9295-3225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo J.","family":"Galindo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1571-7592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian H.","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua J.","family":"Neumiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2235-0103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine R.","family":"Tuttle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Division, Kidney Research Institute and Institute of Translational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"},{"name":"Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, Spokane, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6","article-title":"Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)","volume":"352","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806470","article-title":"10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes","volume":"359","author":"Holman","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B3-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401","article-title":"The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"329","author":"Nathan","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4-20250823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2112","article-title":"The diabetes control and complications trial\/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study at 30 years: Overview","volume":"37","author":"Nathan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B5-20250823","article-title":"United States Renal Data System: 2021 USRDS Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States. 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