{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T14:51:34Z","timestamp":1786373494373,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CJASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) is associated with a range of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diseases in conventional epidemiological studies, but substantial residual confounding may exist. Mendelian randomization approaches can help control for such confounding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SCALLOP Consortium data of 19,195 participants were used to generate an FGF-23 genetic score. Data from 337,448 UK Biobank participants were used to estimate associations between higher genetically predicted FGF-23 concentration and the odds of any atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =26,266 events), nonatherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =12,652), and noncardiovascular diseases previously linked to FGF-23. Measurements of carotid intima-media thickness and left ventricular mass were available in a subset. Associations with cardiovascular outcomes were also tested in three large case-control consortia: CARDIOGRAMplusC4D (coronary artery disease,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =181,249 cases), MEGASTROKE (stroke,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =34,217), and HERMES (heart failure,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =47,309).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 34 independent variants for circulating FGF-23, which formed a validated genetic score. There were no associations between genetically predicted FGF-23 and any of the cardiovascular or noncardiovascular outcomes. In UK Biobank, the odds ratio (OR) for any atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease per 1-SD higher genetically predicted logFGF-23 was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.98 to 1.08), and for any nonatherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, it was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.94 to 1.09). The ORs in the case-control consortia were 1.00 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.03) for coronary artery disease, 1.01 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.07) for stroke, and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.05) for heart failure. In those with imaging, logFGF-23 was not associated with carotid or cardiac abnormalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genetically predicted FGF-23 levels are not associated with atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, suggesting no important causal link.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Podcast<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article contains a podcast at https:\/\/dts.podtrac.com\/redirect.mp3\/www.asn-online.org\/media\/podcast\/CJASN\/2023_01_10_CJN05080422.mp3<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.05080422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T12:35:18Z","timestamp":1670934918000},"page":"17-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Killian","family":"Donovan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health (NDPH), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Herrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health (NDPH), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Medical Research Council 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Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"M\u00e4larstig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael V.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health (NDPH), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, NDPH, Oxford, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Staplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies 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