{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T14:45:50Z","timestamp":1786373150596,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) reduces renal blood flow and is a potential cause of chronic kidney injury, yet little is known regarding inflammatory pathways in this disorder in human participants. This study aimed to examine the hypothesis that reduced renal blood flow (RBF) in ARAS would be associated with tissue TGF-\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n activation and inflammatory cell accumulation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, setting, participants, & measurements<\/jats:title>\n \n This cross-sectional study of ARAS of varying severity compared transjugular biopsy specimens in patients with ARAS (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =12, recruited between 2008 and 2012) with tissue from healthy kidney donors (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =15) and nephrectomy specimens from individuals with total vascular occlusion (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =65). ARAS patients were studied under controlled conditions to measure RBF by multidetector computed tomography and tissue oxygenation by blood oxygen level\u2013dependent magnetic resonance imaging.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Compared with the nonstenotic contralateral kidneys, RBF was reduced in poststenotic kidneys (242\u00b1149 versus 365+174 ml\/min;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.01) as was single-kidney GFR (28\u00b117 versus 41\u00b119 ml\/min;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.01), whereas cortical and medullary oxygenation were relatively preserved. Tissue TGF-\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n immunoreactivity was higher in ARAS patients compared with those with both normal kidneys and those with total occlusion (mean score 2.4\u00b10.7 versus 1.5+1.1 in the nephrectomy group and versus 0\u00b10 in donors;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.01). By contrast, the number of CD68+ macrophages was higher with greater disease severity (from 2.2\u00b12.7 in normal to 22.4\u00b118 cells\/high-power field in nephrectomy samples;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The results of this study indicate robust stimulation of TGF-\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n associated with macrophage infiltration within the human kidney with vascular occlusive disease.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.06460612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,21]],"date-time":"2012-12-21T03:59:35Z","timestamp":1356062375000},"page":"546-553","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["TGF Expression and Macrophage Accumulation in Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Monika L.","family":"Gloviczki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mira 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