{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T14:46:07Z","timestamp":1786373167890,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower urinary citrate excretion is a risk factor for nephrolithiasis and associated with metabolic acidosis and higher prevalence of hypertension and insulin resistance. This study sought to quantify the independent predictors of urinary citrate excretion in population-based cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study of 2561 individuals from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study and Nurses\u2019 Health Studies I and II who provided two 24-hour urine collections was conducted. Dietary data were ascertained from the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Lifestyle and disease data were derived from responses to biennial questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression was used to quantify the predictors of urinary citrate excretion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After adjusting for age, urinary creatinine, dietary, and other factors, higher intake of nondairy animal protein (per 10 g\/d; \u221220 mg\/d; 95% confidence interval [\u221229 to \u221211]), higher body mass index (per 1 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; \u22124 mg\/d; [\u22126 to \u22122]), and history of nephrolithiasis (\u221257 mg\/d; [\u221279 to \u221236]), hypertension (\u221295 mg\/d; [\u2212119 to \u221271]), gout (\u2212104 mg\/d; [\u2212155 to \u221254]), and thiazide use (\u221234 mg\/d; [\u221268 to \u22121]) were independently associated with lower 24-hour urinary citrate excretion. Higher intake of potassium (per 1000 mg\/d; 53 mg\/d; [33 to 74]), higher urinary sodium (per 100 mEq\/d; 56 mg\/d; [31 to 80]), and history of diabetes (61 mg\/d; [21 to 100]) were independently associated with higher citrate excretion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several dietary and lifestyle factors and medical conditions are independently associated with urinary citrate excretion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.07190712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T10:04:57Z","timestamp":1362132297000},"page":"901-908","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Dietary and Lifestyle Factors and Medical Conditions Associated with Urinary Citrate Excretion"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ernest 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