{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T14:45:32Z","timestamp":1786373132989,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A dose-finding study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of PA21, a novel polynuclear iron(III)-oxyhydroxide phosphate binder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a randomized, active-controlled, multicenter, open-label study at 50 clinical sites in Europe and the United States, hemodialysis patients were randomized to PA21 at dosages of 1.25, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, or 12.5 g\/d or sevelamer-HCl 4.8 g\/d for 6 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in serum phosphorus concentration from baseline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 154 participants who were randomized and received the study drug. All groups except PA21 1.25 g\/d showed a significant decrease in serum phosphorus. Mean decreases in serum phosphorus in PA21 10 g\/d and 12.5 g\/d were \u22122.00\u00b11.71 mg\/dl and \u22121.69\u00b11.81 mg\/dl, respectively. A similar decrease to sevelamer-HCl (\u22121.06\u00b11.35 mg\/dl) was seen with PA21 5.0 g\/d (\u22121.08\u00b12.12 mg\/dl) and 7.5 g\/d (\u22121.25\u00b11.21 mg\/d). Overall, 60.9% of participants randomized to PA21 and 57.7% randomized to sevelamer-HCl reported \u22651 adverse event. The most frequent adverse events were hypophosphatemia (18.0%) and discolored feces (11.7%) for the pooled PA21 dose groups, and diarrhea, hypophosphatemia, and hypotension (each 11.5%) for sevelamer-HCl. Discontinuation due to adverse events occurred at a similar rate in PA21-treated (21.1%) and sevelamer-HCl\u2013treated (23.1%) participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PA21 5\u201312.5 g\/d significantly reduces serum phosphorus in hemodialysis patients. The 5 g\/d and 7.5 g\/d dosages showed similar efficacy to 4.8 g\/d of sevelamer-HCl. The adverse events rate was similar for PA21 and sevelamer-HCl.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.08230811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,3]],"date-time":"2012-11-03T20:13:49Z","timestamp":1351973629000},"page":"280-289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Randomized Clinical Trial of the Iron-Based Phosphate Binder PA21 in Hemodialysis Patients"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Rudolf P.","family":"W\u00fcthrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Chonchol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Covic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Gaillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Tumlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-17-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005060663","article-title":"Control of hyperphosphatemia among patients with ESRD.","volume":"16","author":"Coladonato","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R2-17-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70221-0","article-title":"A comparison of the calcium-free phosphate binder sevelamer hydrochloride with calcium acetate in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients.","volume":"33","author":"Bleyer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R3-17-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00600.x","article-title":"Effects of sevelamer and calcium on coronary artery calcification in patients new to hemodialysis.","volume":"68","author":"Block","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R4-17-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00434.x","article-title":"Sevelamer attenuates the progression of coronary and aortic calcification in hemodialysis patients.","volume":"62","author":"Chertow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R8-17-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S1555","article-title":"Phosphate binding therapy in dialysis patients: Focus on lanthanum carbonate.","volume":"4","author":"Mohammed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"R9-17-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270006289846","article-title":"Absolute bioavailability and disposition of lanthanum in healthy human subjects administered lanthanum carbonate.","volume":"46","author":"Pennick","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R10-17-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200847090-00001","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics of the phosphate binder lanthanum carbonate.","volume":"47","author":"Damment","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"R12-17-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP74004","article-title":"PA21: a novel phosphate binder for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease.","volume":"74","author":"Geisser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01277230-201302000-00017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T13:42:44Z","timestamp":1786369364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01277230-201302000-00017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/cjn.08230811","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-9041"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-9041","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}}}