{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T07:08:44Z","timestamp":1791011324118,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3 to 5 have an increased risk of cardiac and other vascular disease. Here we examined the association of CKD 3 to 5 with small vessel caliber.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a cross-sectional observational study of 126 patients with CKD stages 3 to 5 (estimated GFR [eGFR] &lt;60 ml\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and 126 age- and gender-matched hospital patients with CKD 1 or 2. Retinal vessel diameters were measured from digital fundus images by a trained grader using a computer-assisted method and summarized as the central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with CKD 3 to 5 had a smaller mean CRAE and CRVE than hospital controls (139.4 \u00b1 17.8 \u03bcm\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      148.5 \u00b1 16.0 \u03bcm,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001; and 205.0 \u00b1 30.7 \u03bcm\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      217.4 \u00b1 25.8 \u03bcm, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). CRAE and CRVE decreased progressively with each stage of renal failure CKD1\u20132 to 5 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for trend = 0.08 and 0.04, respectively). CKD and hypertension were independent determinants of arteriolar narrowing after adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking history. Patients with CKD 5 and diabetes had a larger mean CRAE and CRVE than nondiabetics (141.4 \u00b1 14.9 \u03bcm\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      132.9 \u00b1 14.2 \u03bcm; 211.1 \u00b1 34.4 \u03bcm\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      194.8 \u00b1 23.8 \u03bcm).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The microvasculature is narrowed in patients with reduced eGFR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.10291110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,22]],"date-time":"2011-07-22T21:42:28Z","timestamp":1311370948000},"page":"1872-1878","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["The Microvasculature in Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Qi Lun","family":"Ooi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Foong Kien Newk-Fon Hey","family":"Tow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Deva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Afzal","family":"Alias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien Y.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nor","family":"Mohamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deb","family":"Colville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Savige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-13-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-4449(97)70028-1","article-title":"Cardiac disease in chronic uremia: Epidemiology","volume":"4","author":"Bloembergen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Ren Replace 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