{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:49:18Z","timestamp":1792172958509,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-376307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-376307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAN-Solve-CKD SCA-145103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAN-Solve-CKD SCA-145103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000191","name":"Kidney Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015452","name":"Canadian Society of Nephrology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CJASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is highly variable. On average, protein-truncating\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PKD1<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutations are associated with the most severe kidney disease among all mutation classes. Here, we report that patients with protein-truncating\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PKD1<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutations may also have mild kidney disease, a finding not previously well recognized.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From the extended Toronto Genetic Epidemiologic Study of Polycystic Kidney Disease, 487 patients had\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PKD1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PKD2<\/jats:italic>\n                      sequencing and typical ADPKD imaging patterns by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. Mayo Clinic Imaging Classification on the basis of age- and height-adjusted total kidney volume was used to assess their cystic disease severity; classes 1A or 1B were used as a proxy to define mild disease. Multivariable linear regression was performed to test the effects of age, sex, and mutation classes on log-transformed height-adjusted total kidney volume and eGFR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 174 study patients with typical imaging patterns and protein-truncating\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PKD1<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutations, 32 (18%) were found to have mild disease on the basis of imaging results (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">i.e<\/jats:italic>\n                      ., Mayo Clinic Imaging class 1A\u20131B), with their mutations spanning the entire gene. By multivariable analyses of age, sex, and mutation class, they displayed mild disease similar to patients with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PKD2<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutations and Mayo Clinic Imaging class 1A\u20131B. Most of these mildly affected patients with protein-truncating\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PKD1<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutations reported a positive family history of ADPKD in preceding generations and displayed significant intrafamilial disease variability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Despite having the most severe mutation class, 18% of patients with protein-truncating\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PKD1<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutations had mild disease on the basis of clinical and imaging assessment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Podcast<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article contains a podcast at https:\/\/www.asn-online.org\/media\/podcast\/CJASN\/2021_02_18_CJN11100720_final.mp3<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.11100720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T13:40:24Z","timestamp":1613655624000},"page":"374-383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Patients with Protein-Truncating PKD1 Mutations and Mild ADPKD"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5750-6286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew B.","family":"Lanktree","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare Hamilton and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, 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Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirreza","family":"Haghighi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuewen","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, 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