{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:37:14Z","timestamp":1789749434715,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DK085660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DK085660"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK103784"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK103784"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DK104308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DK104308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG3DK114915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3DK114915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005090","name":"Beijing Nova Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z161100004916129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z161100004916129"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CJASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endothelin-1 is a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and inflammation, all of which are critical pathophysiologic features of CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test the hypothesis that plasma endothelin-1 levels are associated with increased risks of mortality and hospitalization in patients with chronic kidney failure, we measured plasma endothelin-1 levels in a prospective cohort of 794 individuals receiving maintenance hemodialysis. The primary outcomes were time to death and time to hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median plasma endothelin-1 level was 2.02 (interquartile range, 1.57\u20132.71) pg\/ml. During a median follow-up period of 28 (interquartile range, 21\u201329) months, 253 individuals (32%) died and 643 individuals (81%) were hospitalized at least once. In multivariable models adjusted for demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables, individuals in the highest quartile of plasma endothelin-1 had a 2.44-fold higher risk of death (hazard ratio, 2.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.61 to 3.70) and a 1.54-fold higher risk of hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.19 to 1.99) compared with individuals in the lowest quartile. The Harrell\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C<\/jats:italic>\n                      -statistic of the fully adjusted model increased from 0.73 to 0.74 after addition of natural log-transformed plasma endothelin-1 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001) for all-cause mortality, and increased from 0.608 to 0.614 after addition of natural log-transformed plasma endothelin-1 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.002) for hospitalization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher plasma endothelin-1 is associated with adverse clinical events in patients receiving hemodialysis independent of previously described risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Podcast<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article contains a podcast at https:\/\/www.asn-online.org\/media\/podcast\/CJASN\/2020_05_15_CJN11130919.mp3<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.11130919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T13:55:27Z","timestamp":1588859727000},"page":"784-793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Plasma Endothelin-1 and Risk of Death and Hospitalization in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Insa M.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkata","family":"Sabbisetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Clarissa","family":"Tio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander R.","family":"Opotowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushrut S.","family":"Waikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3 Suppl 1","key":"B1-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A7","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.01.002","article-title":"US renal data system 2017 annual data report: Epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. 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