{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T14:43:08Z","timestamp":1786372988280,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare but potentially devastating condition. We noticed an increase in the number of cases of SEA, with the majority in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This prompted a retrospective chart review of all cases of SEA admitted from 2000 to 2005 and a literature search of similar cases. We identified 19 SEA cases treated at Long Island College Hospital during this 6-year period, of which six were on HD: four were dialyzed via catheter, one via arteriovenous fistula, and in one the method of dialysis was not documented. Four patients had bacteremia with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Four patients presented with paresis or paralysis; only one improved. The mortality rate was 33% (2\/6). We found 30 other cases of SEA in patients on HD from the literature. These 36 HD cases were compared with 85 SEA cases that were not on HD (13 from our study and 72 described in two large case series). The mortality rate was noted to be much higher in HD patients (23% [6\/26]\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      7% [6\/85]). Neurologic deficit at presentation was noted in 47% (17\/36) of HD patients\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      69% (59\/85) of non-HD patients, but neurologic improvement was higher in non-HD patients (71% [42\/59]\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      29% [5\/17]). This is the largest literature review of SEA in patients on HD. When compared with non-HD patients, HD patients had a higher mortality rate and were less likely to improve neurologically.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.11241210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,26]],"date-time":"2011-05-26T20:47:08Z","timestamp":1306442828000},"page":"1495-1500","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Spinal Epidural Abscess in Hemodialysis Patients"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"San S.","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smitha","family":"Daka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Pastewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Win","family":"Kyaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Chapnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Sepkowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra055111","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess","volume":"355","author":"Darouiche","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R2-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520360049011","article-title":"Epidural spinal infection in intravenous drug users","volume":"45","author":"Koppel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R4-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2004.09.021","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: An analysis of 24 cases","volume":"63","author":"Pereira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"R5-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V7102264","article-title":"A clustering of epidural abscesses in chronic hemodialysis patients: Risks of salvaging access catheters in cases of infection","volume":"7","author":"Kovalik","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R6-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(96)90033-5","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess in hemodialysis patients: Report of three cases and review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Obrador","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R7-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1159\/000071479","article-title":"Routine replacement of tunneled, cuffed, hemodialysis catheters eliminates paraspinal\/vertebral infections in patients with catheter-associated bacteremia","volume":"23","author":"Philipneri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"R8-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199211000-00004","article-title":"Bacterial spinal epidural abscess: Review of 43 cases and literature survey","volume":"71","author":"Darouiche","year":"1992","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore"},{"key":"R9-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199008000-00001","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: A ten-year perspective","volume":"27","author":"Hlavin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"R10-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02081966","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess in patients on maintenance haemodialysis (a presentation of two cases)","volume":"11","author":"Kolmos","year":"1979","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"R11-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199008000-00002","article-title":"Changing concepts in spinal epidural abscess: A report of 29 cases","volume":"27","author":"Del Curling","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"R12-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(99)00055-5","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: Contemporary trends in etiology, evaluation, and management","volume":"52","author":"Rigamonti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"R13-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1385\/NCC:2:3:245","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess","volume":"2","author":"Kumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"R14-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(92)90173-K","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: A report of 40 cases and review","volume":"38","author":"Nussbaum","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"R15-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.1.28","article-title":"To decompress or not to decompress\u2014Spinal epidural abscess","volume":"15","author":"Baker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R16-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.1.22","article-title":"Medical management of spinal epidural abscess: Case report and review","volume":"15","author":"Wheeler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R17-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1086\/313524","article-title":"Brucellar spondylitis: Review of 35 cases and literature survey","volume":"29","author":"Solera","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R18-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00011954","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: A meta-analysis of 915 patients","volume":"23","author":"Reihsaus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"R19-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2002.1013","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess\u2014Experience with 46 patients and evaluation of prognostic factors","volume":"45","author":"Tang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"R20-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050002","article-title":"Infection as a cause of spinal cord compression: A review of 36 spinal epidural abscess cases","volume":"142","author":"Akalan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien"},{"key":"R21-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200207000-00013","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscesses: Clinical manifestations, prognostic factors, and outcomes","volume":"51","author":"Soehle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"R22-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.8.844","article-title":"Infectious agents in spinal epidural abscesses","volume":"30","author":"Kaufman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R23-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcm100","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess in clinical practice","volume":"101","author":"Sendi","year":"2008","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"R24-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.2.209","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: The importance of early diagnosis and treatment","volume":"65","author":"Mackenzie","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Neruosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R26-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1097\/00041552-200011000-00007","article-title":"Dialysis access infections","volume":"9","author":"Butterly","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cur Opi Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"R27-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00947.x","article-title":"Type of vascular access and mortality in U.S. hemodialysis patients","volume":"60","author":"Dhingra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R28-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2002.kid551.x","article-title":"Increasing arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients: Problems and solutions","volume":"62","author":"Allon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R29-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00280110","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and buttonhole cannulation: Long-term safety and efficacy of mupirocin prophylaxis","volume":"5","author":"Nesrallah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R30-36-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.10.045","article-title":"Infectious complications following conversion to buttonhole cannulation of native atreriovenous fistulas: A quality improvement report","volume":"57","author":"Labriola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R31-36-20230811","first-page":"491","article-title":"Buttonhole cannulation in adult patients on hemodialysis: An increased risk of infection?","volume":"37","author":"Birchenough","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol Nurs J"},{"key":"R32-36-20230811","first-page":"54","article-title":"A multidisciplinary team approach to increasing AV fistula creation","volume":"17","author":"Nguyen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephrol News Issues"}],"container-title":["Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01277230-201106000-00036","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T13:40:54Z","timestamp":1786369254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01277230-201106000-00036"}},"subtitle":["A Case Series and Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/cjn.11241210","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-9041"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-9041","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}}}