{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:37:11Z","timestamp":1791041831203,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CJASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with AKI. Their association with nephrotic syndrome has not been systematically studied. This study aimed to assess the risk of nephrotic syndrome associated with NSAID use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A matched case-control study was performed in the UK primary care database. Cases were patients with a first diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome and controls were those without nephrotic syndrome. NSAID exposure (grouped either based on cyclooxygenase enzyme selectivity and chemical groups) was classified as either current (use at the nephrotic syndrome diagnosis date and corresponding date in the control group), recent, or past use. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 2620 cases and 10,454 controls. Compared with non-use, current use of 15\u201328 days and &gt;28 days of conventional NSAIDs was associated with a higher relative risk of nephrotic syndrome: adjusted OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.70, and OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.79 to 2.55, respectively. Also, recent use (discontinuation 1\u20132 months before nephrotic syndrome diagnosis date; OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.15) and past use (discontinuation 2 months-2 years; OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.43), but not current use of &lt;15 days (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.46 to 1.31) nor past use (discontinuation &gt;2 years; OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.09) were associated with a higher relative risk of nephrotic syndrome as well as past use of selective COX-2 inhibitors (discontinuation 2\u201324 months; OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.58). Categorization based on chemical groups showed that acetic acid and propionic acid derivatives were associated with a higher risk of nephrotic syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of conventional NSAIDs was associated with a higher risk of nephrotic syndrome starting from at least 2 weeks of exposure, as well as for recent and past exposure up to 2 years before the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. This higher risk appeared mainly attributable to acetic acid and propionic acid derivatives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.14331218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T16:25:15Z","timestamp":1565886315000},"page":"1355-1362","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Risk of Nephrotic Syndrome for Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Users"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2299-5080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Bakhriansyah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, Department of Pharmacology, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick C.","family":"Souverein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martijn W.F.","family":"van den Hoogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthonius","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf H.","family":"Klungel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028016657839","article-title":"Drug class combination-associated acute kidney injury.","volume":"50","author":"Rivosecchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"B2-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-002-0440-y","article-title":"Effects of short-term treatment with diclofenac-colestyramine on renal function and urinary prostanoid excretion in patients with type-2 diabetes.","volume":"58","author":"Farker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B3-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14065","article-title":"Renal toxicity associated with 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