{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:08:50Z","timestamp":1788282530091,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CJASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic alkalosis is a very commonly encountered acid-base disorder that may be generated by a variety of exogenous and\/or endogenous, pathophysiologic mechanisms. Multiple mechanisms are also responsible for the persistence, or maintenance, of metabolic alkalosis. Understanding these generation and maintenance mechanisms helps direct appropriate intervention and correction of this disorder. The framework utilized in this review is based on the ECF volume-centered approach popularized by Donald Seldin and Floyd Rector in the 1970s. \u00a0Although many subsequent scientific discoveries have advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of metabolic alkalosis, that framework continues to be a valuable and relatively straightforward diagnostic and therapeutic model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.16041219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]],"date-time":"2020-06-25T19:07:49Z","timestamp":1593112069000},"page":"1848-1856","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Metabolic Alkalosis"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Emmett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1159\/000489965","article-title":"Re-evaluation of total CO2 concentration in apparently healthy younger adults","volume":"48","author":"Kraut","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"issue":"14","key":"bib45-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13802","article-title":"Metabolic alkalosis is the most common acid-base disorder in ICU patients","volume":"28","author":"Maehle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"B2-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.4.1011","article-title":"Metabolic alkalosis and hypoventilation in humans","volume":"136","author":"Javaheri","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"B3-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.5414\/CN107631","article-title":"Respiratory compensation to a primary metabolic alkalosis in humans","volume":"78","author":"Feldman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"B4-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009121211","article-title":"Secondary responses to altered acid-base status: The rules of engagement","volume":"21","author":"Adrogu\u00e9","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B7-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197756010-00002","article-title":"Clinical use of the anion gap","volume":"56","author":"Emmett","year":"1977","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B9-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197906213002507","article-title":"Increased anion gap in metabolic alkalosis: The role of plasma-protein equivalency","volume":"300","author":"Madias","year":"1979","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B10-20230813","first-page":"F291","article-title":"Changes in the plasma anion gap during chronic metabolic acid-base disturbances","volume":"235","author":"Adrogu\u00e9","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B11-20230813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12225","article-title":"Peripheral venous and arterial blood gas analysis in adults: Are they comparable? 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