{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:45:44Z","timestamp":1790210744793,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5K01TW010863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5K01TW010863"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CJASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The etiology of chronic kidney disease of unclear etiology, also known as Mesoamerican nephropathy, remains unclear. We investigated potential etiologies for Mesoamerican nephropathy in an immigrant dialysis population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Migrants with Mesoamerican nephropathy kidney failure (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =52) were identified by exclusion of known causes of kidney disease and compared using a cross-sectional survey with demographically similar patients with kidney failure from other causes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =63) and age\/sex\/place of origin\u2013matched healthy participants (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =16). Survey results were extended to the bench; C57BL\/6 mice (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =73) received 10\u201315 weekly intraperitoneal injections of paraquat (a reactive oxygen species\u2013generating herbicide) or vehicle. Kidney function, histology, and expression of organic cation transporter-2 (proximal tubule entry for paraquat) and multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (extrusion pathway) were examined. Kidney biopsies from Nicaraguan patients with acute Mesoamerican nephropathy were stained for the above transporters and compared with patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis and without Mesoamerican nephropathy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with Mesoamerican nephropathy and kidney failure were young agricultural workers, almost exclusively men; the majority were from Mexico and El Salvador; and they had prior exposures to agrochemicals, including paraquat (27%). After adjustment for age\/sex, exposure to any agrochemical or paraquat was associated with Mesoamerican nephropathy kidney failure (odds ratio, 4.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.82 to 12.96;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.002 and odds ratio, 12.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.51 to 99.36;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.02, respectively). Adjusted for age\/sex and other covariates, 1 year of agrochemical exposure was associated with Mesoamerican nephropathy kidney failure (odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.44;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.02). Compared with 16 matched healthy controls, Mesoamerican nephropathy kidney failure was significantly associated with exposure to paraquat and agrochemicals. Paraquat-treated male mice developed kidney failure and tubulointerstitial nephritis consistent with Mesoamerican nephropathy. Organic cation transporter-2 expression was higher in male kidneys versus female kidneys. Paraquat treatment increased organic cation transporter-2 expression and decreased multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 expression in male kidneys; similar results were observed in the kidneys of Nicaraguan patients with Mesoamerican nephropathy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposure to agrochemicals is associated with Mesoamerican nephropathy, and chronic exposure of mice to paraquat, a prototypical oxidant, induced kidney failure similar to Mesoamerican nephropathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.16831221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T10:00:12Z","timestamp":1660039212000},"page":"1293-1304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Potential Mechanisms Involved in Chronic Kidney Disease of Unclear Etiology"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Holliday","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingtian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edlyn G.","family":"Bustamante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harris Health System, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingbo","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luping","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilse M.","family":"Espina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose R.","family":"Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luan","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristy O.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Tropical Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samaya J.","family":"Anumudu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maulin","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5048-2955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca S.B.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandan","family":"Vangala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreedhar","family":"Mandayam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny S.","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sehrish","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4436-4191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Sheikh-Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harris Health System, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2016.11.003","article-title":"Endemic nephropathy around the world","volume":"2","author":"Gifford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"B2-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e440","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70217-7","article-title":"The epidemic of chronic kidney disease in Central America","volume":"2","author":"Ordunez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"B3-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.10.062","article-title":"CKD of unknown origin in Central America: The case for a Mesoamerican nephropathy","volume":"63","author":"Correa-Rotter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B4-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.10.036","article-title":"Renal morphology, clinical findings, and progression rate in Mesoamerican nephropathy","volume":"69","author":"Wijkstr\u00f6m","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B5-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.09.012","article-title":"Early detection of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis in the genesis of Mesoamerican nephropathy","volume":"93","author":"Fischer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B6-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0193056","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193056","article-title":"Morphological and clinical findings in Sri Lankan patients with chronic kidney disease of unknown cause (CKDu): Similarities and differences with Mesoamerican nephropathy","volume":"13","author":"Wijkstr\u00f6m","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B7-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1159\/000480691","article-title":"Leptospirosis renal disease: Emerging culprit of chronic kidney disease unknown etiology","volume":"138","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"B8-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2010.494333","article-title":"Positive association of renal insufficiency with agriculture employment and unregulated alcohol consumption in Nicaragua","volume":"32","author":"Sanoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"B9-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2017.10.006","article-title":"Kidney diseases in agricultural communities: A case against heat-stress nephropathy","volume":"3","author":"Herath","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"B10-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018020151","article-title":"Decline in kidney function among apparently healthy young adults at risk of Mesoamerican nephropathy","volume":"29","author":"Gonzalez-Quiroz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B11-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.13841215","article-title":"Climate change and the emergent epidemic of CKD from heat stress in rural communities: The case for heat stress nephropathy","volume":"11","author":"Glaser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B12-20241015","first-page":"53","article-title":"Care for immigrants with end-stage renal disease in Houston: A comparison of two practices","volume":"103","author":"Sheikh-Hamad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tex Med"},{"key":"B13-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.823","article-title":"Paraquat and sustainable agriculture","volume":"60","author":"Bromilow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"B14-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2001.7.4.275","article-title":"Paraquat in developing countries","volume":"7","author":"Wesseling","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"B15-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2009.03.005","article-title":"The impact of simultaneous intoxication with agrochemicals on the antioxidant defense system in rat","volume":"94","author":"Astiz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pestic Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"B16-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4783","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eru237","article-title":"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid promotes S-nitrosylation and oxidation of actin affecting cytoskeleton and peroxisomal dynamics","volume":"65","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Serrano","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Exp Bot"},{"key":"B17-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2013.825893","article-title":"Effects of chronic exposure of methomyl on the antioxidant system in kidney of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and recovery pattern","volume":"76","author":"Meng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"B18-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2013.10.020","article-title":"Effects of chronic exposure of methomyl on the antioxidant system in liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"101","author":"Meng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"B19-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7978219","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7978219","article-title":"Oral exposure to atrazine induces oxidative stress and calcium homeostasis disruption in spleen of mice","volume":"2016","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"B20-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8244","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6333-x","article-title":"A review of toxicity and mechanisms of individual and mixtures of heavy metals in the environment","volume":"23","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"B21-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51345","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17975","article-title":"Predictors of acute kidney injury after paraquat intoxication","volume":"8","author":"Weng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B22-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.123554","article-title":"Transport of paraquat by human organic cation transporters and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family","volume":"322","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"B23-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2011.04.005","article-title":"Renal organic cation transporters mediated cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity","volume":"204","author":"Soodvilai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"B24-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1021\/mp200395f","article-title":"Deficiency of multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 enhances renal accumulation of paraquat and deteriorates kidney injury in mice","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"B25-20241015","first-page":"294","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease of nontraditional etiology in Central America: A provisional epidemiologic case definition for surveillance and epidemiologic studies","volume":"40","author":"Lozier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"B26-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.223","article-title":"Overexpression of stanniocalcin-1 inhibits reactive oxygen species and renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury in mice","volume":"82","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B27-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200305687","article-title":"Creatinine determination in serum by capillary electrophoresis","volume":"25","author":"Paroni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"B28-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2307\/2533160","article-title":"Matching using estimated propensity scores: Relating theory to practice","volume":"52","author":"Rubin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"B29-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)01491-X","article-title":"Gender differences in expression of organic cation transporter OCT2 in rat kidney","volume":"461","author":"Urakami","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"B30-20241015","first-page":"313","article-title":"Paraquat poisoning by skin absorption: Report of two cases","volume":"36","author":"Garnier","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"B31-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.37757\/MR2014.V16.N2.6","article-title":"Spatial distribution of unspecified chronic kidney disease in El Salvador by crop area cultivated and ambient temperature","volume":"16","author":"VanDervort","year":"2014","journal-title":"MEDICC Rev"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"B32-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.10.002","article-title":"Pesticide exposure and end-stage renal disease risk among wives of pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study","volume":"143","author":"Lebov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"B33-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102615","article-title":"Pesticide use and risk of end-stage renal disease among licensed pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study","volume":"73","author":"Lebov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"B34-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.11.009","article-title":"Chronic interstitial nephritis in agricultural communities is a toxin-induced proximal tubular nephropathy","volume":"97","author":"Vervaet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B35-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00382-7","article-title":"Role of antioxidants in paraquat toxicity","volume":"180","author":"Suntres","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"B36-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013070690","article-title":"AKI after conditional and kidney-specific knockdown of stanniocalcin-1","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B37-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2010.12.009","article-title":"Identification and dissection of the Nrf2 mediated oxidative stress pathway in human renal proximal tubule toxicity","volume":"25","author":"Wilmes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"B38-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8459402","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8459402","article-title":"Redox regulation of inflammatory processes is enzymatically controlled","volume":"2017","author":"Lorenzen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"B39-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2014.970784","article-title":"The role of p38 MAPK in acute paraquat-induced lung injury in rats","volume":"26","author":"Pei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"B40-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2015.01.018","article-title":"Betanin attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in kidney of paraquat-treated rat","volume":"78","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"B41-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07500715","article-title":"CKD of uncertain etiology: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Lunyera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B42-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0240988","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240988","article-title":"Evidence of nickel and other trace elements and their relationship to clinical findings in acute Mesoamerican nephropathy: A case-control analysis","volume":"15","author":"Fischer","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B43-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-019-1371-5","article-title":"A quantitative analysis of chronic exposure of selected heavy metals in a model diet in a CKD hotspot in Sri Lanka","volume":"20","author":"Ananda Jayalal","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"B44-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-010-9339-1","article-title":"Chronic kidney diseases of uncertain etiology (CKDue) in Sri Lanka: Geographic distribution and environmental implications","volume":"33","author":"Chandrajith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Geochem Health"},{"key":"B45-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-010-0510-x","article-title":"Latest status of cadmium accumulation and its effects on kidneys, bone, and erythropoiesis in inhabitants of the formerly cadmium-polluted Jinzu River Basin in Toyama, Japan, after restoration of rice paddies","volume":"83","author":"Horiguchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"B46-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14040401","article-title":"Gender-specific impact of cadmium exposure on bone metabolism in older people living in a cadmium-polluted area in Thailand","volume":"14","author":"Nishijo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B47-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14475","article-title":"Protective role of HO-1 against acute kidney injury caused by cutaneous exposure to arsenicals","volume":"1480","author":"Srivastava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"B48-20241015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.05.019","article-title":"Clinical and pathological characterization of Mesoamerican nephropathy: A new kidney disease in Central America","volume":"62","author":"Wijkstr\u00f6m","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B49-20241015","first-page":"386952","article-title":"DNaseI protects against Paraquat-induced acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis mediated by mitochondrial DNA","volume":"2015","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B50-20241015","first-page":"1854206","article-title":"Klotho alleviates lung injury caused by paraquat via suppressing ROS\/P38 MAPK-regulated inflammatory responses and apoptosis","volume":"2020","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"}],"container-title":["Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2215\/CJN.16831221","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T13:44:36Z","timestamp":1786369476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2215\/CJN.16831221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/cjn.16831221","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-9041","1555-905X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-9041","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-905X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-18","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-15","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}