{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:41:07Z","timestamp":1772239267096,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The early identification of acute heart failure (HF) patients with type 1 cardio-renal syndrome should be the first step for developing prevention and treatment strategies for these patients. This study aimed to assess the performance of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C in the early detection of type 1 cardio-renal syndrome in patients with acute HF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One-hundred nineteen patients admitted with acute HF were studied. NGAL and creatinine were measured in the first hospitalization morning; creatinine was also measured at least after 48 to 72 hours. Physicians were blinded to NGAL and cystatin C levels. Type 1 cardio-renal syndrome was defined as an increase in the creatinine level of at least 0.3 mg\/dl or 50% of basal creatinine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Type 1 cardio-renal syndrome developed within 48 to 72 hours in 14 patients (11.8%). Admission NGAL levels were higher in these patients: 212\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      83 ng\/dl. At a cutoff value of 170 ng\/L, NGAL determined type 1 cardio-renal syndrome with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 86.7%. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of NGAL was 0.93 and that of cystatin C was 0.68.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Above a cutoff value of 170 ng\/L, NGAL predicts 48- to 72-hour development of type 1 cardio-renal syndrome with a negative predictive value of 100% and a positive predictive value of 50%. NGAL independently associates with type 1 cardio-renal syndrome and might be a useful biomarker in the early recognition of these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.06140710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,30]],"date-time":"2010-11-30T00:09:13Z","timestamp":1291075753000},"page":"476-481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in the Diagnosis of Type 1 Cardio-Renal Syndrome in the General Ward"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Margarida","family":"Alvelos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elika","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Teles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Tiago","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Bettencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.07.031","article-title":"Incidence, predictors at admission, and impact of worsening renal function among patients hospitalized with heart failure","volume":"43","author":"Froman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R2-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi859","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of worsening renal function in patients hospitalized with decompensated heart failure: Results of the prospective outcomes study in heart failure (POSH)","volume":"17","author":"Cowie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R3-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2008.01.011","article-title":"Worsening renal function in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure: Clinical implications and prognostic significance","volume":"10","author":"Metra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"R4-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.07.051","article-title":"Cardiorenal syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Ronco","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R5-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp507","article-title":"Cardio-renal syndromes: Report from the consensus conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative","volume":"31","author":"Ronco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Dec"},{"key":"R6-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03150509","article-title":"Cardiorenal syndrome in acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"12","author":"Sarraf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R7-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(00)00163-1","article-title":"Lipocalins as biochemical markers of disease","volume":"1482","author":"Xu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"R8-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23056","article-title":"Endocytic delivery of lipocalin-siderophore-iron complex rescues the kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"3","author":"Mori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Invest"},{"key":"R9-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002165","article-title":"Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin as the real time indicator of kidney damage","volume":"71","author":"Mori","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R10-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3349","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp234","article-title":"The predictive performance of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) increases with grade of acute kidney injury","volume":"11","author":"Haase-Fielitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R11-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)74811-X","article-title":"Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a biomarker for acute renal injury after cardiac surgery","volume":"365","author":"Mishra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R12-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.05.018","article-title":"Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery","volume":"52","author":"Wagener","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R13-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.07.020","article-title":"Accuracy of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in diagnosis and prognosis in acute kidney injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Haase","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R14-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00861.x","article-title":"Early detection of acute renal failure by serum cystatin C","volume":"66","author":"Herget-Rsenthal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R15-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R139","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3044","article-title":"Serum cystatin C concentrations as a marker of acute renal dysfunction in critically ill patients","volume":"9","author":"Villa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"R16-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2005.04.013","article-title":"The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations provide valid estimations of glomerular filtration rates in patients with advanced heart failure","volume":"1","author":"O'Meara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"R17-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2009.07.003","article-title":"Serum neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) in predicting worsening renal function in acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"16","author":"Aghel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"R18-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R127","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6192","article-title":"Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin predicts acute kidney injury, morbidity and mortality after pediatric cardiac surgery: A prospective uncontrolled cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Dent","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"R19-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04010907","article-title":"Urine NGAL predicts severity of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: A prospective study","volume":"3","author":"Bennett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R20-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04240609","article-title":"Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: The effect of baseline renal function on diagnostic performance","volume":"5","author":"McIlroy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R21-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.04.048","article-title":"NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) and cystatin C: Are they good predictors of contrast nephropathy after percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with stable angina and normal serum creatinine?","volume":"127","author":"Bachorzewska-Gajewska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"R22-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c176","DOI":"10.1159\/000117814","article-title":"Urinary IL-18 and NGAL as early predictive biomarkers in contrast-induced nephropathy after coronary angiography","volume":"108","author":"Ling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"R23-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-007-0601-4","article-title":"NGAL is an early predictive biomarker of contrast-induced nephropathy in children","volume":"22","author":"Hirsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"R24-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318169245a","article-title":"Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a marker of acute kidney injury in critically ill children with septic shock","volume":"36","author":"Wheeler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R25-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2009.004","article-title":"Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as an early marker of acute kidney injury in critically ill multiple trauma patients","volume":"47","author":"Makris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"R26-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-11-200806030-00003","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of a single emergency department measurement of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin for diagnosing acute kidney injury","volume":"148","author":"Nickolas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R27-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp088","article-title":"Increase systemic and myocardial expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in clinical and experimental heart failure","volume":"30","author":"Yndestad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R28-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2008.0803","article-title":"Increased plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels predict mortality in elderly patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"1","author":"Bolignano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res"},{"key":"R29-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.3109\/08860220903216113","article-title":"Urinary and serum biomarkers after cardiac catheterization in diabetic patients with stable angina and without severe chronic kidney disease","volume":"31","author":"Malyszko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"R30-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318195846e","article-title":"Novel and conventional serum biomarkers predicting acute kidney injury in adult cardiac surgery\u2014A prospective cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Haase-Fielitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R31-4-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.05.068","article-title":"Importance of venous congestion for worsening of renal function in advanced heart failure","volume":"53","author":"Mullens","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01277230-201103000-00004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T15:53:08Z","timestamp":1691769188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01277230-201103000-00004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/cjn.06140710","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.10067964.10824065","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1555-9041"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-9041","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}}}