{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T22:56:05Z","timestamp":1773788165683,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","funder":[{"name":"Diaverum"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1151246"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1151246"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CJASN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Dietary potassium restriction in people receiving maintenance hemodialysis is standard practice and is recommended in guidelines, despite a lack of evidence. We aimed to assess the association between dietary potassium intake and mortality and whether hyperkalemia mediates this association.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 8043 adults undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Europe and South America were included in the DIETary intake, death and hospitalization in adults with end-stage kidney disease treated with HemoDialysis (DIET-HD) study. We measured baseline potassium intake from the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network food frequency questionnaire and performed time-to-event and mediation analyses.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The median potassium intake at baseline was 3.5 (interquartile range, 2.5\u20135.0) g\/d. During a median follow-up of 4.0 years (25,890 person-years), we observed 2921 (36%) deaths. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, including cardiac disease and food groups, dietary potassium intake was not associated with all-cause mortality (per 1 g\/d higher dietary potassium intake: hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.95 to 1.05). A mediation analysis showed no association of potassium intake with mortality, either through or independent of serum potassium (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.00 and hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.06, respectively). Potassium intake was not significantly associated with serum levels (0.03; 95% CI, \u22120.01 to 0.07 mEq\/L per 1 g\/d higher dietary potassium intake) or the prevalence of hyperkalemia (\u22656.0 mEq\/L) at baseline (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.37 per 1 g\/d higher dietary potassium intake). Hyperkalemia was associated with cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.48).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Higher dietary intake of potassium is not associated with hyperkalemia or death in patients treated with hemodialysis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.08360621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T23:25:16Z","timestamp":1638401116000},"page":"1851-1861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Dietary Potassium Intake and All-Cause Mortality in Adults Treated with Hemodialysis"],"prefix":"10.2215","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2357-6876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelie","family":"Bernier-Jean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}]},{"given":"Germaine","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Saglimbene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Marinella","family":"Ruospo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Suetonia C.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Natale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Garcia-Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5491-3460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David W.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"},{"name":"Australasian Kidney Trials Network, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0846-3187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Tonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rgen","family":"Hegbrant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Jonathan C.","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9389-2516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando","family":"Teixeira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}]},{"given":"Giovanni F.M.","family":"Strippoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, 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