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Each selective estrogen-receptor modulator induces a unique conformation in the ligand\u2013receptor complex, which leads to transcriptional activation and\/or inhibition. Raloxifene 60 mg\/day, a benzothiophene selective estrogen-receptor modulator, is approved for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This article provides an update on new studies and further analyses of clinical trial data for raloxifene. The Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) trial of women with osteoporosis has described the efficacy of raloxifene in decreasing vertebral fracture risk over 4 years. The Continuing Outcomes Relevant to Evista<jats:sup>\u00a9<\/jats:sup> (CORE) trial, designed to assess the effects of raloxifene on breast cancer prevention, is a 4-year continuation of MORE. The skeletal and cardiovascular effects of raloxifene in the CORE study were similar to those observed in MORE. The relative risk of developing breast cancer was significantly decreased in women treated with raloxifene, compared with placebo, after 4 years in MORE and 8 years in the CORE trial. The incidence of uterine bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer was similar between raloxifene and placebo after 8 years of treatment. Raloxifene use is associated with a higher incidence of hot flashes and leg cramps, and an increased risk of venous thromboembolic events. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2217\/17455057.2.2.199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,20]],"date-time":"2006-02-20T15:58:00Z","timestamp":1140451080000},"page":"199-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Raloxifene: A Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulator for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis \u2013 a Clinical Update on Efficacy and Safety"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Chad L","family":"Deal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Disease, Department of Rheumatic and Immunology Diseases\/A50, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA, Tel.: +1 216 844 3211; Fax: +1 216 844 5172;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael W","family":"Draper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46221, USA, Tel.: +1 317 276 2756; Fax: +1 317 277 3743;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr0101-17455057.2.2.199","unstructured":"Papers of special note have been highlighted as either of interest (\u2022) or of considerable interest (\u2022\u2022) to readers."},{"key":"bibr1-17455057.2.2.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1068537"},{"key":"bibr2-17455057.2.2.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1070442"},{"key":"bibr3-17455057.2.2.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200317261"},{"key":"bibr4-17455057.2.2.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200306000-00008"},{"key":"bibr5-17455057.2.2.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(04)90127-0"},{"key":"bibr6-17455057.2.2.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm020450x"},{"key":"bibr7-17455057.2.2.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000226637"},{"key":"bibr8-17455057.2.2.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010019410881"},{"key":"bibr9-17455057.2.2.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650110615"},{"key":"bibr10-17455057.2.2.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199712043372301"},{"key":"bibr11-17455057.2.2.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.22.3444"},{"key":"bibr12-17455057.2.2.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.GME.0000058772.59606.2A"},{"key":"bibr010001-17455057.2.2.199","unstructured":"In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial, healthy women were treated with raloxifene for 5 years in a prevention setting"},{"key":"bibr13-17455057.2.2.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.8.871"},{"key":"bibr14-17455057.2.2.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.7.637"},{"key":"bibr15-17455057.2.2.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.23.2189"},{"key":"bibr16-17455057.2.2.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh319"},{"key":"bibr010002-17455057.2.2.199","unstructured":"First of several reports from the randomized, placebo-controlled Continuing Outcomes Relevant to Evista (CORE) study, in which women with osteoporosis were treated with raloxifene for a full 8 years"},{"key":"bibr17-17455057.2.2.199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(03)00200-X"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr18-17455057.2.2.199","first-page":"2197","volume":"85","author":"Prestwood KM","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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