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A comprehensive approach to the problem requires recognition of the multiple organ systems that may be involved. A thorough history and physical examination, followed by selected laboratory and imaging studies, is essential in evaluation of these patients. Medical and surgical management improves or controls the symptoms in the majority of cases, but there remains a group of women who are difficult to treat. Botulinum toxin is a presynaptic neuromuscular blocking agent inducing selective and reversible muscle weakness that lasts several months when injected intramuscularly. It has been shown to be effective in treating pain caused by muscular spasm in conditions other than pelvic pain caused by muscular hypertonicity. Evidence or literature related to treatment of pelvic pain with botulinum toxin is discussed in this review. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2217\/17455057.4.2.173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,27]],"date-time":"2009-02-27T16:22:31Z","timestamp":1235751751000},"page":"173-181","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Botulinum Toxin for Pelvic Pain in Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Deepali","family":"Sinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Worcestershire Royal Hospital, Charles Hastings Way, Worcester, WR5 1DD, UK, Tel.: +44 138 434 5059; Fax: +44 156 251 3005;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angus J","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tel.: +44 156 251 3031; Fax: +44 156 251 3005;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr01-17455057.4.2.173","unstructured":"Papers of special note have been highlighted as either of interest (\u2022) or of considerable interest (\u2022\u2022) to readers."},{"key":"bibr1-17455057.4.2.173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08140.x"},{"key":"bibr2-17455057.4.2.173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00458-0"},{"key":"bibr3-17455057.4.2.173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199306000-00001"},{"key":"bibr4-17455057.4.2.173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199003000-00018"},{"key":"bibr5-17455057.4.2.173","first-page":"230","volume":"49","author":"Sand PK","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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