{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:49:56Z","timestamp":1787024996098,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A number of studies have suggested that ethnic background influences a woman's perception of her symptoms. The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) is a multiethnic, longitudinal, cohort study of US women that includes non-Hispanic Caucasian, African\u2013American, Chinese, Japanese and Hispanic women. The initial strategy for this seven-site study involved community-based recruitment of non-Hispanic Caucasians at each site, plus one minority ethnic group. Since ethnicity varies with many other factors, measures of education, acculturation, social status, psychological wellbeing and financial strain were all taken into account in interpreting symptom onset, frequency and severity of the common menopausal symptoms. Biological and physical measures were also assessed and related to symptoms. Most symptoms varied by ethnicity. Vasomotor symptoms were more prevalent in African\u2013American and Hispanic women and were also more common in women with greater BMI, challenging the widely held belief that obesity is protective against vasomotor symptoms. Vaginal dryness was present in 30\u201340% of SWAN participants at baseline, and was most prevalent in Hispanic women. Among Hispanic women, symptoms varied by country of origin. Acculturation appears to play a complex role in menopausal symptomatology. We conclude that ethnicity should be taken into account when interpreting menopausal symptom presentation in women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2217\/17455057.5.2.127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,27]],"date-time":"2009-02-27T06:48:58Z","timestamp":1235717338000},"page":"127-133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Menopausal Symptoms and Ethnicity: The Study of Women's Health across the Nation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Robin","family":"Green","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanette Santoro, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology & Women's Health, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Mazer 316, Bronx, NY 10461, USA, Tel.: +1 718 430 3152, Fax: +1 718 430 8586,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanette","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robin Green, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology & Women's Health, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Mazer 316, Bronx, NY 10461, USA, Tel.: +1 718 430 3152, Fax: +1 718 430 8586,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr0101-17455057.5.2.127","unstructured":"Papers of special note have been highlighted as:"},{"key":"bibr0102-17455057.5.2.127","unstructured":"of interest"},{"key":"bibr0103-17455057.5.2.127","unstructured":"of considerable interest"},{"key":"bibr1-17455057.5.2.127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.09.032"},{"key":"bibr0105-17455057.5.2.127","unstructured":"Provides a comprehensive assessment of the state of the science about menopausal symptoms and their management."},{"key":"bibr2-17455057.5.2.127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh168"},{"key":"bibr3-17455057.5.2.127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.GME.0000141981.88782.38"},{"key":"bibr0108-17455057.5.2.127","unstructured":"Provides an assessment of common menopausal symptoms in a very disadvantaged community of poor minority women who have a high rate of drug use and HIV infection. The findings imply that adverse circumstances of daily living contribute to high symptom vulnerability."},{"key":"bibr4-17455057.5.2.127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2007.12.002"},{"key":"bibr5-17455057.5.2.127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012453790-3\/50012-3"},{"key":"bibr6-17455057.5.2.127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)02909-0"},{"key":"bibr7-17455057.5.2.127","first-page":"604","volume":"67","author":"Coulam CB","year":"1986","journal-title":"Obstet. 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Presented at:\n                      The 55th Society for Gynecologic Investigation Annual Scientific Meeting.\n                      San Diego, CA, USA, 26\u201329 March 2008."},{"key":"bibr16-17455057.5.2.127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(83)90239-X"},{"key":"bibr17-17455057.5.2.127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm244"},{"key":"bibr01025-17455057.5.2.127","unstructured":"Provides a new way of looking at how body fat interacts with hormones to contribute to hot flashes in the early menopause transition."},{"key":"bibr18-17455057.5.2.127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801618"},{"key":"bibr19-17455057.5.2.127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2004.06.019"},{"key":"bibr20-17455057.5.2.127","first-page":"1209","volume":"100","author":"Barnabei VM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet. 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