{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T13:44:17Z","timestamp":1770039857441,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Becaris Publishing Limited","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Comp. Eff. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold>\n            Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with clinical outcomes are considered the gold standard for regulatory approval. However, by design they are only able to answer a small number of clinical questions. Other high-quality studies are required for clinical decision-making. The EVOLVE was the largest RCT, evaluating the effects of cinacalcet on clinical outcomes among adult patients receiving maintenance dialysis suffering from secondary hyperparathyroidism. While the EVOLVE trial did not reach its primary end point, imbalance in subjects\u2019 age at randomization and discontinuation rates are two of the reasons that the lack of mortality benefit is in question. We undertook a systematic literature review and Bayesian meta-analysis combining randomized and observational studies on the estimated effects of the oral calcimimetic cinacalcet on clinical outcomes including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular-related mortality, hospitalization for cardiovascular events, fracture and parathyroidectomy among patients on maintenance dialysis.\n            <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n            Data sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. RCTs and observational studies were included. Data extraction was completed by two authors independently and in duplicate determined the methodological quality of the studies and extracted data.\n            <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n            Of 564 unique citations identified, 16 studies were included: six observational studies and ten RCTs. Four high-quality studies (two observational and two RCTs) were deemed suitable for meta-analysis. Results indicated a statistically significant reduction in the risk of death associated with cinacalcet (hazard ratio: 0.83; 95% credible interval: 0.78\u20130.89).\n            <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n            The results of this meta-analysis indicate that treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism with calcimimetic therapy may in fact reduce mortality among patients receiving maintenance dialysis. This finding provides justification for a well-designed and adequately powered randomized trial to definitively address the question.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2217\/cer-2018-0015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T14:02:15Z","timestamp":1526392935000},"page":"693-707","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effects of calcimimetics on long-term outcomes in dialysis patients: literature review and Bayesian meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.57264","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Greta","family":"Lozano-Ortega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICON plc, Epidemiology, Vancouver, BC V6B 1P1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Waser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICON plc, Epidemiology, Vancouver, BC V6B 1P1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark E","family":"Bensink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Global Health Economics (MB, VB), Biostatistics (MLT), and Global Medical (KC), Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 9132, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Goring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICON plc, Epidemiology, Vancouver, BC V6B 1P1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICON plc, Epidemiology, Vancouver, BC V6B 1P1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey A","family":"Block","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Nephrology, 130 Rampart Way, Suite 300b, Denver, CO 80230, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glenn M","family":"Chertow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University, School of Medicine, 1070 Arastradero Rd, Ste 313, Palo Alto, CA 94034, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Louise","family":"Trotman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Global Health Economics (MB, VB), Biostatistics (MLT), and Global Medical (KC), Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 9132, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerry","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Global Health Economics (MB, VB), Biostatistics (MLT), and Global Medical (KC), Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 9132, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian R","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University Department of Community Health and Epidemiology,\u00a0Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasily","family":"Belozeroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Global Health Economics (MB, VB), Biostatistics (MLT), and Global Medical (KC), Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 9132, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"36897","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","unstructured":"Emergensy Medicines Agency\n                                                        . \n                                                        Mimpara EPAR Product Information\n                                                         (\n                                                        2009\n                                                        ). \n                                                        www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/EPAR_-_Product_Information\/human\/000570\/WC500028900.pdf\n                                                        ."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","unstructured":"US FDA\n                                                        . \n                                                        FDA approved label: Sensipar (cinacalcet)\n                                                         (\n                                                        2011\n                                                        ). \n                                                        https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2011\/021688s017lbl.pdf\n                                                        ."},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031633","article-title":"Cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving hemodialysis","volume":"350","author":"Block GA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Block GA , Martin KJ , De Francisco AL Cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving hemodialysis . 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Nephrol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Long-term effect of cinacalcet hydrochloride on abdominal aortic calcification in patients on hemodialysis with secondary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"7","author":"Nakayama K","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nakayama K , Nakao K , Takatori Y Long-term effect of cinacalcet hydrochloride on abdominal aortic calcification in patients on hemodialysis with secondary hyperparathyroidism . Int. J. Nephrol. Renovasc. Dis. 7 , 25 \u2013 33 ( 2013 ).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nephrol. Renovasc. 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Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03591006","article-title":"The OPTIMA study: assessing a new cinacalcet (Sensipar\u00ae\/Mimpara\u00ae) treatment algorithm for secondary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"3","author":"Messa P","year":"2008","unstructured":"Messa P , Macario F , Yaqoob M The OPTIMA study: assessing a new cinacalcet (Sensipar\u00ae\/Mimpara\u00ae) treatment algorithm for secondary hyperparathyroidism . Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 3 ( 1 ), 36 \u2013 45 ( 2008 ).","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP69269","article-title":"An assessment of cinacalcet HCl effects on bone histology in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"69","author":"Malluche HH","year":"2008","unstructured":"Malluche HH , Monier-Faugere MC , Wang G An assessment of cinacalcet HCl effects on bone histology in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism . Clin. Nephrol. 69 ( 4 ), 269 \u2013 278 ( 2008 ).","journal-title":"Clin. Nephrol."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq725","article-title":"The ADVANCE study: a randomized study to evaluate the effects of cinacalcet plus low-dose vitamin D on vascular calcification in patients on hemodialysis","volume":"26","author":"Raggi P","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raggi P , Chertow GM , Torres PU The ADVANCE study: a randomized study to evaluate the effects of cinacalcet plus low-dose vitamin D on vascular calcification in patients on hemodialysis . Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 26 ( 4 ), 1327 \u2013 1339 ( 2011 ).","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-9987.2011.00994.x","article-title":"Cinacalcet hydrochloride therapy for secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients","volume":"15","author":"El-Shafey EM","year":"2011","unstructured":"El-Shafey EM , Alsahow AE , Alsaran K Cinacalcet hydrochloride therapy for secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients . Ther. Apher. Dial. 15 ( 6 ), 547 \u2013 555 ( 2011 ).","journal-title":"Ther. Apher. Dial."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01040308","article-title":"Cinacalcet HCl and concurrent low-dose vitamin D improves treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients compared with vitamin D alone: the ACHIEVE study results","volume":"3","author":"Fishbane S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fishbane S , Shapiro WB , Corry DB Cinacalcet HCl and concurrent low-dose vitamin D improves treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients compared with vitamin D alone: the ACHIEVE study results . Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 3 ( 6 ), 1718 \u2013 1725 ( 2008 ).","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs568","article-title":"Efficacy of cinacalcet with low-dose vitamin D in incident haemodialysis subjects with secondary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"28","author":"Urena-Torres P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Urena-Torres P , Bridges I , Christiano C Efficacy of cinacalcet with low-dose vitamin D in incident haemodialysis subjects with secondary hyperparathyroidism . Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 28 ( 5 ), 1241 \u2013 1254 ( 2013 ).","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-14-112","article-title":"Cinacalcet lowering of serum fibroblast growth factor-23 concentration may be independent from serum Ca, P, PTH and dose of active vitamin D in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled study","volume":"14","author":"Kim HJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim HJ , Kim H , Shin N Cinacalcet lowering of serum fibroblast growth factor-23 concentration may be independent from serum Ca, P, PTH and dose of active vitamin D in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled study . BMC Nephrol. 14 , 112 ( 2013 ).","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3270","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs018","article-title":"Paricalcitol versus cinacalcet plus low-dose vitamin D therapy for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving haemodialysis: results of the IMPACT SHPT study","volume":"27","author":"Ketteler M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ketteler M , Martin KJ , Wolf M Paricalcitol versus cinacalcet plus low-dose vitamin D therapy for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving haemodialysis: results of the IMPACT SHPT study . Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 27 ( 8 ), 3270 \u2013 3278 ( 2012 ).","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.167","article-title":"Cinacalcet hydrochloride treatment significantly improves all-cause and cardiovascular survival in a large cohort of hemodialysis patients","volume":"78","author":"Block GA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Block GA , Zaun D , Smits G Cinacalcet hydrochloride treatment significantly improves all-cause and cardiovascular survival in a large cohort of hemodialysis patients . Kidney Int. 78 ( 6 ), 578 \u2013 589 ( 2010 ).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c151","DOI":"10.1159\/000319781","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of paricalcitol versus cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving hemodialysis","volume":"117","author":"Schumock GT","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schumock GT , Walton SM , Lee TA Comparative effectiveness of paricalcitol versus cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving hemodialysis . Nephron. Clin. Prac. 117 ( 2 ), c151 \u2013 c159 ( 2011 ).","journal-title":"Nephron. Clin. 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