{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T23:49:30Z","timestamp":1790120970920,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Becaris Publishing Limited","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Comp. Eff. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>To evaluate the cost\u2013effectiveness of the following three treatments of uterine fibroids in a population of premenopausal women who wish to preserve their uteri: myomectomy, magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) and uterine artery embolization (UAE).<jats:bold>Materials &amp; methods:<\/jats:bold>A decision analytic Markov model was constructed. Cost\u2013effectiveness was calculated in terms of US$ per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) over 5 years. Two types of costs were calculated: direct costs only, and the sum of direct and indirect (productivity) costs. Women in the hypothetical cohort were assessed for treatment type eligibility, were treated based on eligibility, and experienced adequate or inadequate symptom relief. Additional treatment (myomectomy) occurred for inadequate symptom relief or recurrence. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate uncertainty in the model parameters.<jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\u00a0In the base case, myomectomy, MRgFUS and UAE had the following combinations of mean cost and mean QALYs, respectively: US$15,459, 3.957; US$15,274, 3.953; and US$18,653, 3.943. When incorporating productivity costs, MRgFUS incurred a mean cost of US$21,232; myomectomy US$22,599; and UAE US$22,819. Using probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) and excluding productivity costs, myomectomy was cost effective at almost every decision threshold. Using PSA and incorporating productivity costs, myomectomy was cost effective at decision thresholds above US$105,000\/QALY; MRgFUS was cost effective between US$30,000 and US$105,000\/QALY; and UAE was cost effective below US$30,000\/QALY.<jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>Myomectomy, MRgFUS, and UAE were similarly effective in terms of QALYs gained. Depending on assumptions about costs and willingness to pay for additional QALYs, all three treatments can be deemed cost effective in a 5-year time frame.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2217\/cer.14.32","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,30]],"date-time":"2014-05-30T17:06:53Z","timestamp":1401469613000},"page":"503-514","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Cost\u2013effectiveness of uterine-preserving procedures for the treatment of uterine fibroid symptoms in the USA"],"prefix":"10.57264","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Anne H","family":"Cain-Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P","family":"Moriarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Care Policy &amp; Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology &amp; Infertility, Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bijan J","family":"Borah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Care Policy &amp; Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"36897","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.99","article-title":"High cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and white women: ultrasound evidence","volume":"188","author":"Baird DD","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baird DD , Dunson DB , Hill MC , Cousins D , Schectman JM . 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