{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T06:03:46Z","timestamp":1774677826293,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"PDI healthcare"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Future Microbiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2020-0286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T16:03:54Z","timestamp":1611072234000},"page":"119-130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Review of the Use of Nasal and Oral Antiseptics During a Global Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8205-5125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Stathis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HHV-6 Foundation,\rSanta Barbara,\rCA\r93108,\rUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9012-6384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolas","family":"Victoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HHV-6 Foundation,\rSanta Barbara,\rCA\r93108,\rUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Loomis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HHV-6 Foundation,\rSanta Barbara,\rCA\r93108,\rUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaun A","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology,Head & Neck Surgery,Medical University of South Carolina,\rCharleston,\rSC\r29425,\rUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maren","family":"Eggers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof Dr G Enders MVZ Laboratory & Institute of Virology,Infectious Diseases,\rStuttgart,\rBW\r70193,\rGermany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Septimus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine,Harvard Medical School & the Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute,\rBoston,\rMA\r02215,\rUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasia","family":"Safdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease,Department of Medicine,University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health,\rMadison,\rWI,\rUSA\r& The William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital,\rMadison,\rWI\r53726,\rUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001737"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1570"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Considerations for the provision of essential oral health services in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance (2020). https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/333625"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109158189801700408"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000097758"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-018-0200-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000057722"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-020-00316-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13209"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.18.103184"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102618"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13526"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","unstructured":"3M Health Care . Supporting antibiotic stewardship through effective nasal decolonization. https:\/\/multimedia.3m.com\/mws\/media\/1729936O\/3m-skin-and-nasal-antiseptic.pdf?elqTrackId=eab6a887bb8e4ee6844a84c842330d1c&elqaid=14627&elqat=2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00682-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","unstructured":"3M Health Care . Facts about iodine and iodophors. https:\/\/multimedia.3m.com\/mws\/media\/716284O\/3m-skin-and-nasal-antiseptic-facts-about-iodine-and-iodophors.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2020.3053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2607.200915"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa471"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.08.19.225854"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","unstructured":"Aga Khan University . A clinical trial of gargling agents in reducing intraoral viral load among COVID-19 patients. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04341688"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215114002746"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000057738"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","first-page":"Cd013627","article-title":"Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays administered to patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection to improve patient outcomes and to protect healthcare workers treating them","volume":"9","author":"Burton MJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Burton MJ , ClarksonJE , GoulaoBet al. Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays administered to patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection to improve patient outcomes and to protect healthcare workers treating them. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.9, Cd013627 (2020).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.16-0593"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014320"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-11-108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118335"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/lungindia.lungindia_241_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37703-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.10.010332"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31936-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.08.04.235549"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.118.2.223"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119802"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-004-0219-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-020-00744-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2014.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345900690030901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1990.tb01092.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(01)00020-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e195"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.20.2460"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2016.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03549-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","unstructured":"Poitiers University Hospital . Povidone iodine mouthwash gargle and nasal spray to reduce naso-pharyngeal viral load in patients with COVID-19. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04371965"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","unstructured":"Stanford University . PVP-I nasal sprays and SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal titers (for COVID-19). https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04347954"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","unstructured":"Povidone-iodine vs essential oil vs tap water gargling for COVID-19 patients. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04410159Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","unstructured":"Efficacy of a nasal spray containing iota-carrageenan in the prophylaxis of COVID-19 disease in health personnel dedicated to patients care with COVID-19 disease. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04521322Centro de Educaci\u00f3n Medica e Investigaciones Cl\u00ednicas Norberto Quirno"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","unstructured":"University of Kentucky . COVID-19: povidone-iodine intranasal prophylaxis in front-line healthcare personnel and inpatients. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04364802"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","unstructured":"Claude Bernard University . COVID-19: nasal and salivary detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus after antiviral mouthrinses. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04352959"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","unstructured":"St. Paul's Hospital Canada . Povidone-iodine rinses in the management of COVID-19. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04449965"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","unstructured":"Gargling and nasal rinses to reduce oro- and nasopharyngeal viral load in patients with COVID-19. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04344236NYU Langone Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","unstructured":"University of California San Francisco . Antiseptic mouthwash pre-procedural rinse on SARS-CoV-2 load (COVID-19). https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04409873"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","unstructured":"SHIELD study: using naso-oropharyngeal antiseptic decolonization to reduce COVID-19 viral shedding. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04478019University of Wisconsin Madison"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","unstructured":"Pi Research Consultancy Center Bangladesh . Virucidal effect of povidone iodine on COVID-19 in-vivo. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04549376"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","unstructured":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust . SINUS WASH pilot study in adults testing positive for COVID-19. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04393792"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","unstructured":"Dentaid SL . Pilot study to evaluate effect of CHX0.12\/CPC 0.05 of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in COVID-19 patients. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04563689"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","unstructured":"Sanotize Research and Development corp . Nitric oxide releasing solutions to prevent and treat mild\/moderate COVID-19 infection. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04337918"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","unstructured":"Evaluation of the load of SARS-CoV-2 virus in oral cavity oropharinge and saliva of patients with COVID-19 after disinfection with oral antimicrobial solutions: a pilot study. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04537962Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_1","unstructured":"Sanotize Research and Development corp . Nitric oxide releasing solution to treat and prevent exacerbation of mild COVID-19 infection. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04443868"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_1","unstructured":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center . Impact of nasal saline irrigations on viral load in patients with COVID-19. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04347538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22703"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_1","unstructured":"University of Edinburgh . Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling in suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (ELVIS COVID-19). https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT04382131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirk-Bayley J ChallacombeS SunkaraneniS CombesJ. The use of povidone iodine nasal spray and mouthwash during the current COVID-19 pandemic may protect healthcare workers and reduce cross infection. Available at SSRN 3563092 (2020). https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3563092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-020-1589-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14050516"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.11.13.381079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2020.1807177"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_75_1","first-page":"Cd008676","article-title":"Chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an adjunctive treatment for gingival health","volume":"3","author":"James P","year":"2017","unstructured":"James P , WorthingtonHV , ParnellCet al. Chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an adjunctive treatment for gingival health. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.3(3), Cd008676 (2017).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2014.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122911"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-015-0281-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-6958-9-57"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_1","unstructured":"NHS Lothian . Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling for the common cold. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT02438579"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_1","unstructured":"Boehringer Ingelheim . Iota-carrageenan nasal spray in common cold. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT01944631"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-14-124"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_84_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"The antimicrobial effects of extracts of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Salvadora persica (Arak) chewing sticks","volume":"10","author":"Almas K","year":"1999","unstructured":"Almas K . The antimicrobial effects of extracts of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Salvadora persica (Arak) chewing sticks. Indian J. Dent. Res.10(1), 23\u201326 (1999).","journal-title":"Indian J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568011053174828"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9120801"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.925679"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00199.2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26514"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3873"}],"container-title":["Future Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2217\/fmb-2020-0286","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T06:40:06Z","timestamp":1719124806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.2217\/fmb-2020-0286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2217\/fmb-2020-0286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/fmb-2020-0286","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-0913","1746-0921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-0913","type":"print"},{"value":"1746-0921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=ifmb20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=ifmb20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2020-11-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}