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The vast majority of lung cancer cases are attributable to smoking, and smoking prevalence rates remain unacceptably high in US women. Mounting evidence suggests that there are significant differences in lung cancer between the sexes. Although the magnitude of the effect of smoking on the development of lung cancer may not be different, smoking appears to have an impact on the histology of lung cancer. Hormonal and biologic effects may play a role in lung cancer carcinogenesis, and may impact treatment response. A more thorough understanding of the biologically different aspects of lung cancer across different populations may lead to innovations in prevention and treatment. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2217\/whe.09.66","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]],"date-time":"2010-02-03T09:09:58Z","timestamp":1265188198000},"page":"685-691","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lung Cancer: A Biologically Different Disease in Women?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jyoti D","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jyoti D Patel, MD, Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St Clair Street, Suite 850, Chicago, IL 60611, USA, Tel.: +1 312 695 6180, Fax: +1 312 695 4530,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr0101-WHE.09.66","unstructured":"Papers of special note have been highlighted as:"},{"key":"bibr0102-WHE.09.66","unstructured":"of interest"},{"key":"bibr0103-WHE.09.66","unstructured":"of considerable interest"},{"key":"bibr1-WHE.09.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20006"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr2-WHE.09.66","first-page":"3","volume":"301","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"bibr3-WHE.09.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.3.768"},{"key":"bibr4-WHE.09.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.07.2983"},{"key":"bibr5-WHE.09.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70154-2"},{"key":"bibr6-WHE.09.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050185"},{"key":"bibr01010-WHE.09.66","unstructured":"The largest study of lung cancer in never-smokers."},{"volume-title":"Women and smoking: a report of the Surgeon General","year":"2001","author":"US Dept of Health and Human Services","key":"bibr7-WHE.09.66"},{"key":"bibr01012-WHE.09.66","unstructured":"Characterizes the lung cancer epidemic among US women."},{"key":"bibr8-WHE.09.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116857"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr9-WHE.09.66","first-page":"110","volume":"11","author":"Chen L","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chin. 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