{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:36:04Z","timestamp":1789140964225,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health (Lond Engl)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Shoulder dystocia is a complication of vaginal delivery and the primary factor associated with brachial plexus injury. In this review, we discuss the risk factors for shoulder dystocia and propose a framework for the prediction and prevention of the complication. A recommended approach to management when shoulder dystocia occurs is outlined, with review of the maneuvers used to relieve the obstruction with minimal risk of fetal and maternal injury. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2217\/whe.15.103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,22]],"date-time":"2016-02-22T16:16:40Z","timestamp":1456157800000},"page":"251-261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Shoulder Dystocia: Prediction and Management"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Meghan G","family":"Hill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tuscon, AZ 85724, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne R","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tuscon, AZ 85724, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1a-whe.15.103","unstructured":"Papers of special note have been highlighted as: \u2022 of interest; \u2022\u2022 of considerable interest"},{"key":"bibr1-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00188-W"},{"key":"bibr2-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00099-D"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr3-whe.15.103","first-page":"439","volume":"43","author":"Bruner JP","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr4-whe.15.103","first-page":"352","volume":"77","author":"Allen R","year":"1991","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"bibr5-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(94)90413-8"},{"key":"bibr6-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70312-6"},{"key":"bibr7-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2014.04.005"},{"key":"bibr8-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.05.002"},{"key":"bibr9-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90684-B"},{"key":"bibr10-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70034-6"},{"key":"bibr11-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318264f644"},{"key":"bibr12-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000287615.35425.5c"},{"key":"bibr13-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00853"},{"key":"bibr14-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.88.3.F185"},{"key":"bibr15-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1997.tb14849.x"},{"key":"bibr16-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-198605000-00002"},{"key":"bibr17-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.09.007"},{"key":"bibr18-whe.15.103","first-page":"1045","volume":"100","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"bibr19-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.05.023"},{"key":"bibr20-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2009.021"},{"key":"bibr20a-whe.15.103","unstructured":"An example of how to create a prediction algorithms for brachial plexux injury."},{"key":"bibr21-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.05.013"},{"key":"bibr22-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050600797483"},{"key":"bibr23-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-473-5_4"},{"key":"bibr24-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0b013e3181cb8fbc"},{"key":"bibr25-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.115117"},{"key":"bibr26-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90464-6"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr27-whe.15.103","first-page":"654","volume":"43","author":"Lewis DF","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"bibr28-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6300(200009\/10)12:5<682::AID-AJHB13>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"bibr29-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.9006"},{"key":"bibr30-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1988.tb01634.x"},{"key":"bibr31-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00545.x"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr32-whe.15.103","first-page":"955","volume":"53","author":"Spellacy WN","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"bibr33-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(85)80107-1"},{"key":"bibr34-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10003.x"},{"key":"bibr35-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000107291.46159.00"},{"key":"bibr36-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2011.02.015"},{"key":"bibr37-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01392.x"},{"key":"bibr38-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29726"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr39-whe.15.103","first-page":"762","volume":"66","author":"Acker DB","year":"1985","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"bibr40-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70191-7"},{"key":"bibr41-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70382-5"},{"key":"bibr42-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90424-P"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr43-whe.15.103","first-page":"420","volume":"55","author":"Modanlou HD","year":"1980","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr44-whe.15.103","first-page":"417","volume":"60","author":"Modanlou HD","year":"1982","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"bibr45-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(96)00067-1"},{"key":"bibr46-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojog.2012.22025"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr47-whe.15.103","first-page":"536","volume":"93","author":"Gilbert WM","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"bibr48-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(96)00230-X"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr49-whe.15.103","first-page":"340","volume":"78","author":"Delpapa EH","year":"1991","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"bibr50-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.107382"},{"key":"bibr51-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70065-1"},{"key":"bibr52-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90441-S"},{"key":"bibr53-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540180036030"},{"key":"bibr54-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00149-X"},{"key":"bibr55-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90631-R"},{"key":"bibr56-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.08.012"},{"key":"bibr57-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349309021133"},{"key":"bibr58-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00654-9"},{"key":"bibr59-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(82)90619-6"},{"key":"bibr60-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)91355-6"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr61-whe.15.103","first-page":"526","volume":"52","author":"Benedetti TJ","year":"1978","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"bibr62-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6661(199707\/08)6:4<220::AID-MFM7>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"bibr63-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1224864"},{"key":"bibr64-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-954956"},{"key":"bibr65-whe.15.103","first-page":"e14","volume":"15","author":"Nath RK","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"key":"bibr66-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-004-1203-3"},{"key":"bibr67-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)30457-1"},{"key":"bibr68-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70557-0"},{"key":"bibr68a-whe.15.103","unstructured":"A good analysis of the costs and benefits of preemptive cesarean to prevent shoulder dystocia."},{"key":"bibr69-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2007.26.11.1523"},{"key":"bibr70-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.09.263"},{"key":"bibr71-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12560"},{"key":"bibr72-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181e42220"},{"key":"bibr73-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.01.027"},{"key":"bibr74-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-473-5_16"},{"key":"bibr75-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119971566.ch13"},{"key":"bibr75a-whe.15.103","unstructured":"Provides practical hands-on details of maneuvers for management."},{"key":"bibr76-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30514-4"},{"key":"bibr76a-whe.15.103","unstructured":"Shows that haste in management is unnecessary, and awaiting the next contraction after head delivery potentially valuable."},{"key":"bibr77-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1964.03070110037007"},{"key":"bibr78-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(43)90948-2"},{"key":"bibr78a-whe.15.103","unstructured":"A classic paper describing the details of a commonly used procedure."},{"key":"bibr79-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.05.002"},{"key":"bibr80-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31821a12c9"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr81-whe.15.103","first-page":"883","volume":"79","author":"Graham JM","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr82-whe.15.103","first-page":"847","volume":"82","author":"O'Leary JA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"bibr83-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(88)90366-3"},{"key":"bibr84-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000292441"},{"key":"bibr85-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.01214.x"},{"key":"bibr86-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70218-7"},{"key":"bibr87-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.02.025"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr88-whe.15.103","first-page":"43","volume":"95","author":"Gherman RB","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"bibr89-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70565-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr90-whe.15.103","first-page":"31","volume":"102","author":"Beall MH","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"bibr91-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.05.055"},{"key":"bibr92-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.07.024"},{"key":"bibr93-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808320620"},{"key":"bibr94-whe.15.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211330"}],"container-title":["Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2217\/whe.15.103","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.2217\/whe.15.103","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2217\/whe.15.103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T23:30:31Z","timestamp":1741649431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.2217\/whe.15.103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2217\/whe.15.103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/whe.15.103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-5057","1745-5065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-5057","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-5065","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}}}