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The recent observation of sensory C, sensory A-delta, sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers in the functional layer of endometrium of most women affected by endometriosis, but not demonstrated in most women who do not have endometriosis, was a surprise. Nerve fiber densities were also greatly increased in myometrium of women with endometriosis and in endometriotic lesions compared with normal peritoneum. Chronic pelvic pain is complex, and endometriosis is only one condition which contributes to this pain. The relationship between the presence of certain nerve fibers and the potential for local pain generation requires much future research. This paper reviews current knowledge concerning nerve fibers in endometrium, myometrium and endometriotic lesions, and discusses avenues of research that may improve our knowledge and lead to enriched understanding and management of endometriotic pain symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2217\/whe.15.47","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,28]],"date-time":"2015-08-28T09:42:40Z","timestamp":1440754960000},"page":"611-618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The Importance of Pelvic Nerve Fibers in Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Emily J","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Neonatology, Queen Elizabeth II Research Institute for Mothers & Infants, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian S","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Neonatology, Queen Elizabeth II Research Institute for Mothers & Infants, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-whe.15.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den464","volume":"24","author":"Wang G","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. 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