{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T04:04:03Z","timestamp":1780113843210,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Biomedical Research Press","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"DOI":"10.2220\/biomedres.47.89","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T22:08:53Z","timestamp":1779574133000},"page":"89-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Constant cGAS activation blunts STING signaling in DU145 prostate cancer cell line"],"prefix":"10.2220","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Eisuke","family":"YUMOTO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-mach,i Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"IEMURA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-mach,i Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kozo","family":"TANAKA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-mach,i Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1059","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abe T and Barber GN (2014) Cytosolic-DNA-mediated, STING- dependent proinflammatory gene induction necessitates canonical NF-\u03baB activation through TBK1. <i>J Virol<\/i> <b>88<\/b>, 5328\u2013 5341.","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00037-14"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakhoum SF and Compton DA (2012) Chromosomal instability and cancer: a complex relationship with therapeutic potential. <i>J Clin Invest<\/i> <b>122<\/b>, 1138\u20131143.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59954"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balka KR, Venkatraman R, Saunders TL, Shoppee A, Pang ES, <i>et al.<\/i> (2023) Termination of STING responses is mediated via ESCRT-dependent degradation. <i>Embo j<\/i> <b>42<\/b>, e112712.","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2022112712"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barber GN (2015) STING: infection, inflammation and cancer. <i>Nat Rev Immunol<\/i> <b>15<\/b>, 760\u2013770.","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3921"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatelia K, Singh A, Tomar D, Singh K, Sripada L, <i>et al.<\/i> (2014) Antiviral signaling protein MITA acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by regulating NF-\u03baB induced cell death. <i>Biochim Biophys Acta<\/i> <b>1842<\/b>, 144\u2013153.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2013.11.006"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen X, Yamaguchi K, Rodgers B, Goehrig D, Vindrieux D, <i>et al.<\/i> (2025) DNA methylation protects cancer cells against senescence. <i>Nat Commun<\/i> <b>16<\/b>, 5901.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61157-7"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen YA, Shen YL, Hsia HY, Tiang YP, Sung TL, <i>et al.<\/i> (2017) Extrachromosomal telomere repeat DNA is linked to ALT development via cGAS-STING DNA sensing pathway. <i>Nat Struct Mol Biol<\/i> <b>24<\/b>, 1124\u20131131.","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.3498"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai J, Huang YJ, He X, Zhao M, Wang X, <i>et al.<\/i> (2019) Acetylation blocks cGAS activity and inhibits self-DNA-induced autoimmunity. <i>Cell<\/i> <b>176<\/b>, 1447\u20131460.e1414.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.016"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Oliveira Mann CC, Orzalli MH, King DS, Kagan JC, Lee ASY, <i>et al.<\/i> (2019) Modular architecture of the STING C-terminal tail allows interferon and NF-\u03baB signaling adaptation. <i>Cell Rep<\/i> <b>27<\/b>, 1165\u20131175.e1165.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.03.098"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deschamps T and Kalamvoki M (2017) Impaired STING pathway in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells contributes to the growth of ICP0-null mutant Herpes Simplex virus. <i>J Virol<\/i> <b>91<\/b>.","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00006-17"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falahat R, Berglund A, Putney RM, Perez-Villarroel P, Aoyama S, <i>et al.<\/i> (2021) Epigenetic reprogramming of tumor cell-intrinsic STING function sculpts antigenicity and T cell recognition of melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A <b>118<\/b>.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013598118"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flynn PJ, Koch PD and Mitchison TJ (2021) Chromatin bridges, not micronuclei, activate cGAS after drug-induced mitotic errors in human cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A <b>118<\/b>.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2103585118"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaidt MM, Ebert TS, Chauhan D, Ramshorn K, Pinci F, <i>et al.<\/i> (2017) The DNA inflammasome in human myeloid cells is initiated by a STING-cell death program upstream of NLRP3. <i>Cell<\/i> <b>171<\/b>, 1110\u20131124.e1118.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.039"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geelen D, Beacom A, Vaurs M, Mahieu M, Boutoual R, <i>et al.<\/i> (2025) Constitutive cGAS-STING activation in ALT+ cells. <i>biorxiv<\/i>.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.04.18.649516"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gehrcken L, Deben C, Smits E and Van Audenaerde JRM (2025) STING agonists and how to reach their full potential in cancer immunotherapy. <i>Adv Sci (Weinh)<\/i> <b>12<\/b>, e2500296.","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202500296"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gentili M, Liu B, Papanastasiou M, Dele-Oni D, Schwartz MA, <i>et al.<\/i> (2023) ESCRT-dependent STING degradation inhibits steady-state and cGAMP-induced signalling. <i>Nat Commun<\/i> <b>14<\/b>, 611.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36132-9"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonugunta VK, Sakai T, Pokatayev V, Yang K, Wu J, <i>et al.<\/i> (2017) Trafficking-mediated STING degradation requires sorting to acidified endolysosomes and can be targeted to enhance anti-tumor response. <i>Cell Rep<\/i> <b>21<\/b>, 3234\u20133242.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.11.061"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gui X, Yang H, Li T, Tan X, Shi P, <i>et al.<\/i> (2019) Autophagy induction via STING trafficking is a primordial function of the cGAS pathway. <i>Nature<\/i> <b>567<\/b>, 262\u2013266.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1006-9"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall J, Brault A, Vincent F, Weng S, Wang H, <i>et al.<\/i> (2017) Discovery of PF-06928215 as a high affinity inhibitor of cGAS enabled by a novel fluorescence polarization assay. <i>PLoS One<\/i> <b>12<\/b>, e0184843.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184843"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrington KJ, Brody J, Ingham M, Strauss J, Cemerski S, <i>et al.<\/i> (2018) Preliminary results of the first-in-human (FIH) study of MK-1454, an agonist of stimulator of interferon genes (STING), as monotherapy or in combination with pembrolizumab (pembro) in patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas. <i>Ann Oncol<\/i> <b>29<\/b>, viii712.","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy424.015"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu MM, Yang Q, Xie XQ, Liao CY, Lin H, <i>et al.<\/i> (2016) Sumoylation promotes the stability of the DNA sensor cGAS and the adaptor STING to regulate the kinetics of response to DNA virus. <i>Immunity<\/i> <b>45<\/b>, 555\u2013569.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.08.014"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iemura K, Natsume T, Maehara K, Kanemaki MT and Tanaka K (2021) Chromosome oscillation promotes Aurora A-dependent Hec1 phosphorylation and mitotic fidelity. <i>J Cell Biol<\/i> <b>220<\/b>, e202006116.","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202006116"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishikawa H and Barber GN (2008) STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling. <i>Nature<\/i> <b>455<\/b>, 674\u2013678.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07317"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishikawa H, Ma Z and Barber GN (2009) STING regulates intracellular DNA-mediated, type I interferon-dependent innate immunity. <i>Nature<\/i> <b>461<\/b>, 788\u2013792.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08476"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji Y, Luo Y, Wu Y, Sun Y, Zhao L, <i>et al.<\/i> (2023) SEL1L-HRD1 endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation controls STING-mediated innate immunity by limiting the size of the activable STING pool. <i>Nat Cell Biol<\/i> <b>25<\/b>, 726\u2013739.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-023-01138-4"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin L, Waterman PM, Jonscher KR, Short CM, Reisdorph NA, <i>et al.<\/i> (2008) MPYS, a novel membrane tetraspanner, is associated with major histocompatibility complex class II and mediates transduction of apoptotic signals. <i>Mol Cell Biol<\/i> <b>28<\/b>, 5014\u20135026.","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00640-08"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanoda R, Nakajima S, Okayama H, Kaneta A, Chida S, <i>et al.<\/i> (2025) Downregulation of cGAS\/STING expression in tumor cells by cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer. <i>Sci Rep<\/i> <b>15<\/b>, 19234.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-03924-6"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keenan TE, Burke KP and Van Allen EM (2019) Genomic correlates of response to immune checkpoint blockade. <i>Nat Med<\/i> <b>25<\/b>, 389\u2013402.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0382-x"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kemmoku H, Kuchitsu Y, Mukai K, and Taguchi T (2022) Specific association of TBK1 with the trans-Golgi network following STING stimulation. <i>Cell Struct Funct<\/i> <b>47<\/b>, 19\u201330.","DOI":"10.1247\/csf.21080"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kemmoku H, Takahashi K, Mukai K, Mori T, Hirosawa KM, <i>et al.<\/i> (2024) Single-molecule localization microscopy reveals STING clustering at the trans-Golgi network through palmitoylation-dependent accumulation of cholesterol. <i>Nat Commun<\/i> <b>15<\/b>, 220<i>.<\/i>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44317-5"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitajima S, Ivanova E, Guo S, Yoshida R, Campisi M, <i>et al.<\/i> (2019) Suppression of STING associated with LKB1 loss in KRAS-driven lung cancer. <i>Cancer Discov<\/i> <b>9<\/b>, 34\u201345.","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0689"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitajima S, Tani T, Springer BF, Campisi M, Osaki T, <i>et al.<\/i> (2022) MPS1 inhibition primes immunogenicity of KRAS-LKB1 mutant lung cancer. <i>Cancer Cell<\/i> <b>40<\/b>, 1128\u20131144. e1128.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.08.015"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konno H, Yamauchi S, Berglund A, Putney RM, Mule\u0301 JJ, <i>et al.<\/i> (2018) Suppression of STING signaling through epigenetic silencing and missense mutation impedes DNA damage mediated cytokine production. <i>Oncogene<\/i> <b>37<\/b>, 2037\u20132051.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-017-0120-0"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuchitsu Y, Mukai K, Uematsu R, Takaada Y, Shinojima A, <i>et al.<\/i> (2023) STING signalling is terminated through ESCRT-dependent microautophagy of vesicles originating from recycling endosomes. <i>Nat Cell Biol<\/i> <b>25<\/b>, 453\u2013466.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-023-01098-9"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuchitsu Y and Taguchi T (2024) Lysosomal microautophagy: an emerging dimension in mammalian autophagy. <i>Trends Cell Biol<\/i> <b>34<\/b>, 606\u2013616.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2023.11.005"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lama L, Adura C, Xie W, Tomita D, Kamei T, <i>et al.<\/i> (2019) Development of human cGAS-specific small-molecule inhibitors for repression of dsDNA-triggered interferon expression. <i>Nat Commun<\/i> <b>10<\/b>, 2261.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08620-4"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li J, Hubisz MJ, Earlie EM, Duran MA, Hong C, <i>et al.<\/i> (2023) Non-cell-autonomous cancer progression from chromosomal instability. <i>Nature<\/i> <b>620<\/b>, 1080\u20131088.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06464-z"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li K, Wang J, Zhang R, Zhou J, Espinoza B, <i>et al.<\/i> (2024) Overcome the challenge for intratumoral injection of STING agonist for pancreatic cancer by systemic administration. <i>J Hematol Oncol<\/i> <b>17<\/b>, 62.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01576-z"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lippincott-Schwartz J, Donaldson JG, Schweizer A, Berger EG, Hauri HP, <i>et al.<\/i> (1990) Microtubule-dependent retrograde transport of proteins into the ER in the presence of brefeldin A suggests an ER recycling pathway. <i>Cell<\/i> <b>60<\/b>, 821\u2013836.","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90096-W"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lord CJ and Ashworth A (2016) BRCAness revisited. <i>Nat Rev Cancer<\/i> <b>16<\/b>, 110\u2013120.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2015.21"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Low JT, Chandramohan V, Bowie ML, Brown MC, Waitkus MS, <i>et al.<\/i> (2022). Epigenetic STING silencing is developmentally conserved in gliomas and can be rescued by methyltransferase inhibition. <i>Cancer Cell<\/i> <b>40<\/b>, 439\u2013440.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.04.009"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mangosh TL, Awadallah WN, Grabowska MM and Taylor DJ (2021) SLX4IP promotes telomere maintenance in androgen receptor-independent castration-resistant prostate cancer through ALT-like telomeric PML localization. <i>Mol Cancer Res<\/i> <b>19<\/b>, 301\u2013316.","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-20-0314"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meric-Bernstam F, Sweis RF, Kasper S, Hamid O, Bhatia S, <i>et al.<\/i> (2019) Combination of the STING agonist MIW815 (ADU-S100) and PD-1 inhibitor spartalizumab in advanced\/ metastatic solid tumors or lymphomas: an open-label, multi-center, phase lb study. <i>Clin Cancer Res<\/i> <b>29<\/b>, 110\u2013121.","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-2235"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morad G, Helmink BA, Sharma P and Wargo JA (2021) Hallmarks of response, resistance, and toxicity to immune check-point blockade. <i>Cell<\/i> <b>184<\/b>, 5309\u20135337.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.09.020"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukai K, Konno H, Akiba T, Uemura T, Waguri S, <i>et al.<\/i> (2016) Activation of STING requires palmitoylation at the Golgi. <i>Nat Commun<\/i> <b>7<\/b>, 11932.","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11932"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogawa E, Mukai K, Saito K, Arai H and Taguchi T (2018) The binding of TBK1 to STING requires exocytic membrane traffic from the ER. <i>Biochem Biophys Res Commun<\/i> <b>503<\/b>, 138\u2013145.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.05.199"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paludan SR and Bowie AG (2013) Immune sensing of DNA. <i>Immunity<\/i> <b>38<\/b>, 870\u2013880.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.05.004"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park S, Ahn J and Barber GN (2024) Antigen-presenting cell activation requires intrinsic and extrinsic STING signaling after the phagocytosis of DNA-damaged cells. <i>Sci Immunol<\/i> <b>9<\/b>, eadk7812.","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adk7812"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prabakaran T, Bodda C, Krapp C, Zhang BC, Christensen MH, <i>et al.<\/i> (2018) Attenuation of cGAS-STING signaling is mediated by a p62\/SQSTM1-dependent autophagy pathway activated by TBK1. <i>Embo j<\/i> <b>37<\/b>.","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201797858"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saitoh T, Fujita N, Hayashi T, Takahara K, Satoh T, <i>et al.<\/i> (2009) Atg9a controls dsDNA-driven dynamic translocation of STING and the innate immune response. <i>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A<\/i> <b>106<\/b>, 20842\u201320846.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911267106"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sasaki N, Homme M and Kitajima S (2023) Targeting the loss of cGAS\/STING signaling in cancer. <i>Cancer Sci<\/i> <b>114<\/b>, 3806\u2013 3815.","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15913"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schreiber RD, Old LJ and Smyth MJ (2011) Cancer immunoediting: integrating immunity\u2019s roles in cancer suppression and promotion. <i>Science<\/i> <b>331<\/b>, 1565\u20131570.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1203486"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shoji T, Sato K, Shinojima A, Koide S, Shindo R, <i>et al.<\/i> (2025) A quantitative method to monitor STING degradation with dual-luciferase reporters. <i>Cell Struct Funct<\/i> <b>50<\/b>, 115\u2013124.","DOI":"10.1247\/csf.25011"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun W, Li Y, Chen L, Chen H, You F, <i>et al.<\/i> (2009) ERIS, an endoplasmic reticulum IFN stimulator, activates innate immune signaling through dimerization. <i>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A<\/i> <b>106<\/b>, 8653\u20138658.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900850106"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka K and Hirota T (2016) Chromosomal instability: A common feature and a therapeutic target of cancer. <i>Biochim Biophys Acta<\/i> <b>1866<\/b>, 64\u201375.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2016.06.002"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka Y and Chen ZJ (2012) STING specifies IRF3 phosphorylation by TBK1 in the cytosolic DNA signaling pathway. <i>Sci Signal<\/i> <b>5<\/b>, ra20.","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2002521"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang B, Yu W, Jiang H, Meng X, Tang D, <i>et al.<\/i> (2024) Clinical applications of STING agonists in cancer immunotherapy: current progress and future prospects. <i>Front Immunol<\/i> <b>15<\/b>, 1485546.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1485546"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang J, Falchook G, Nabhan S, Kulkarni M, Sandy P, <i>et al.<\/i> (2021) 495 Trial of SNX281, a systemically delivered small molecule STING agonist, in solid tumors and lymphomas. <i>J Immunother Cancer<\/i> <b>9<\/b>, A527.","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-SITC2021.495"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woo SR, Fuertes MB, Corrales L, Spranger S, Furdyna MJ, <i>et al.<\/i> (2014) STING-dependent cytosolic DNA sensing mediates innate immune recognition of immunogenic tumors. <i>Immunity<\/i> <b>41<\/b>, 830\u2013842.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.10.017"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu J, Sun L, Chen X, Du F, Shi H, <i>et al.<\/i> (2013) Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate immune signaling by cytosolic DNA. <i>Science<\/i> <b>339<\/b>, 826\u2013830.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1229963"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu L, Cao J, Cai WL, Lang SM, Horton JR, <i>et al.<\/i> (2018) KDM5 histone demethylases repress immune response via suppression of STING. <i>PLoS Biol<\/i> <b>16<\/b>, e2006134.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2006134"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia T, Konno H, Ahn J and Barber GN (2016a) Deregulation of STING signaling in colorectal carcinoma constrains DNA damage responses and correlates with tumorigenesis. <i>Cell Rep<\/i> <b>14<\/b>, 282\u2013297.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.12.029"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia T, Konno H and Barber GN (2016b) Recurrent loss of STING signaling in melanoma correlates with susceptibility to viral oncolysis. <i>Cancer Res<\/i> <b>76<\/b>, 6747\u20136759.","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-1404"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong B, Yang Y, Li S, Wang YY, Li Y, <i>et al.<\/i> (2008) The adaptor protein MITA links virus-sensing receptors to IRF3 transcription factor activation. <i>Immunity<\/i> <b>29<\/b>, 538\u2013550.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.09.003"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An J, Woodward JJ, Sasaki T, Minie M and Elkon KB (2015) Cutting edge: Antimalarial drugs inhibit IFN-\u03b2 production through blockade of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-DNA interaction. J Immunol 194, 4089\u20134093.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402793"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konno H, Konno K and Barber GN (2013) Cyclic dinucleotides trigger ULK1 (ATG1) phosphorylation of STING to prevent sustained innate immune signaling. Cell 155, 688\u2013698.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.09.049"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li T and Chen ZJ (2018) The cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway connects DNA damage to inflammation, senescence, and cancer. J Exp Med 215, 1287\u20131299.","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180139"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin Z, Liu Y, Lin P, Li J and Gan J (2022) Clinical significance of STING expression and methylation in lung adenocarcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 12, 13951.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18278-6"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang M, Sooreshjani MA, Mikek C, Opoku-Temeng C and Sintim HO (2018) Suramin potently inhibits cGAMP synthase, cGAS, in THP1 cells to modulate IFN-\u03b2 levels. Future Med Chem 10, 1301\u20131317.","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc-2017-0322"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/biomedres\/47\/3\/47_89\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T03:27:17Z","timestamp":1780111637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/biomedres\/47\/3\/47_89\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2220\/biomedres.47.89","relation":{},"ISSN":["0388-6107","1880-313X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0388-6107","type":"print"},{"value":"1880-313X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]}}}