{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:12:10Z","timestamp":1790241130624,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Forum Multimedia Publishing LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["eCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The most prevalent pathogen in bone infections is Staphylococcus aureus; its incidence and severity are partially determined by host factors. Prior studies showed that anti-glucosaminidase (Gmd) antibodies are protective in animals, and 93.3 % of patients with culture-confirmed S. aureus osteomyelitis do not have anti-Gmd levels &gt; 10 ng\/mL in serum. Infection in patients with high anti-Gmd remains unexplained. Are anti-Gmd antibodies in osteomyelitis patients of the non-opsonising, non-complement-fixing IgG4 isotype? The relative amounts of IgG4 and total IgG against Gmd and 7 other S. aureus antigens: iron-surface determinants (Isd) IsdA, IsdB, and IsdH, amidase (Amd), \u03b1-haemolysin (Hla), chemotaxis inhibitory protein from S. aureus (CHIPS), and staphylococcal-complement inhibitor (SCIN) were determined in sera from healthy controls (Ctrl, n = 92), osteomyelitis patients whose surgical treatment resulted in infection control (IC, n = 95) or an adverse outcome (AD, n = 40), and post-mortem (PM, n = 7) blood samples from S. aureus septic-death patients. Anti-Gmd IgG4 levels were generally lower in infected patients compared to controls; however, levels among the infected were higher in AD than IC patients. Anti-IsdA, IsdB and IsdH IgG4 levels were increased in infected patients versus controls, and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests of levels revealed an increasing order of infection (Ctrl &lt; IC &lt; AD &lt; PM) for anti-Isd IgG4 antibodies and a decreasing order of infection (Ctrl &gt; IC &gt; AD &gt; PM) for anti-autolysin (Atl) IgG4 antibodies. Collectively, this does not support an immunosuppressive role of IgG4 in S. aureus osteomyelitis but is consistent with a paradigm of high anti-Isd and low anti-Atl responses in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.22203\/ecm.v042a12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T03:54:57Z","timestamp":1632282897000},"page":"156-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["IgG4-specific responses in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bone infections are not predictive of postoperative complications"],"prefix":"10.22203","volume":"42","author":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 E. Broad St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JR","family":"Owen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MP","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MD","family":"Mott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CA","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Muthukrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JL","family":"Daiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"EM","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SL","family":"Kates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"39461","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"container-title":["European Cells and Materials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ecmjournal.org\/papers\/vol042\/pdf\/v042a12.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:48:31Z","timestamp":1790239711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ecmjournal.org\/journal\/ECM\/path\/vol042\/10.22203\/eCM.v042a12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22203\/ecm.v042a12","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]}}}